<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0212-1611</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Nutrición Hospitalaria]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Nutr. Hosp.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0212-1611</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Grupo Arán]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0212-16112021000400839</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20960/nh.03413</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Fraude en suplementos nutricionales para deportistas: revisión narrativa]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Fraud in nutritional supplements for athletes: a narrative review]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Sanz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Miguel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sala Ripoll]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Puya Braza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Segura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Asier]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Oliver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antonio Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cortell Tormo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Alicante Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Departamento de Enfermería]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Alicante ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Nutrición  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Córdoba ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Alicante Facultad de Educación ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cádiz ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Sport Nutrition &amp; Food Science Alimentología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cádiz ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Sevilla Departamento de Motricidad Humana y Rendimiento Deportivo ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Sevilla ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Alicante Departamento de Didáctica General y Didácticas Específicas Facultad de Educación]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Alicante ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>839</fpage>
<lpage>847</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0212-16112021000400839&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0212-16112021000400839&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0212-16112021000400839&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El uso de suplementos nutricionales (SN) es una práctica muy extendida tanto entre los deportistas profesionales como entre los amateurs. Su elección debe realizarse basándose en criterios de seguridad, legalidad y eficacia. Son varios los riesgos que algunos de estos productos pueden desencadenar, siendo motivo de fraude para el consumidor. A modo de ejemplo, la presencia de una sustancia legal en dosis superiores a sus recomendaciones puede ocasionar efectos secundarios indeseados; por el contrario, su presencia en cantidades inferiores a las necesarias (umbral efectivo) puede no provocar el efecto esperado o anunciado por el producto. Por ello, el objetivo de la presente revisión es describir la existencia de fraude en relación con el etiquetado nutricional y/o el contenido de los SN destinados a deportistas. Se realizó una revisión narrativa a través de Pubmed en la que 16 estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados muestran que el etiquetado nutricional difiere de la cantidad real de ingredientes. Este tipo de fraude se ha encontrado en suplementos de proteína en polvo, mezclas preentrenamiento, creatina y bebidas que contienen vitaminas y minerales, entre otros. El fraude debido a errores en el etiquetado, por omisión de sustancias presentes en el producto o por errores en el análisis o declaración de las cantidades, es alto. Esta falta de transparencia en la composición real del etiquetado puede contribuir a problemas de rendimiento deportivo y/o de salud en el deportista. Por lo tanto, es necesaria una mejora de la legislación de los SN para garantizar su seguridad, eficacia y legalidad.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The use of nutritional supplements (NSs) is a widespread practice in both professional and amateur athletes. Their choice must be based on criteria of safety, legality, and effectiveness. There are several risks that some of these products can trigger, this being a reason for fraud to the consumer. By way of example, the presence of a legal substance in doses higher than its recommendation may cause unwanted side effects; on the other hand, its presence in quantities lower than necessary (effective threshold) may not have the effect expected or announced by the product. Therefore, the objective of this review was to describe the existence of fraud in relation to nutritional labeling and/or to the content of NSs intended for athletes. A narrative review was conducted through PubMed in which 16 studies met the inclusion criteria. The results show that nutritional labeling differs from the actual amounts of ingredients. This type of fraud has been found in protein powder supplements, pre-workout mixtures, creatine, and beverages containing vitamins and minerals, among others. Fraud due to errors in the labeling by omission of substances present in the product or by errors in the analysis or declaration of quantities, is high. This lack of transparency in the actual composition of labels can contribute to sports performance and/or health problems in the athlete. Therefore, an improvement of the legislation on NS is necessary to ensure their safety, effectiveness, and legality.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Suplementos deportivos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ayudas ergogénicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Rendimiento deportivo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Nutrición deportiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Etiquetado nutricional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Seguridad alimentaria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Sports supplements]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ergogenic aids]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Sports performance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Sports nutrition]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nutrition labeling]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Food safety]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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