<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0212-1611</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Nutrición Hospitalaria]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Nutr. Hosp.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0212-1611</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Grupo Arán]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0212-16112021000500005</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20960/nh.3791</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Importancia de la nutrición en la defensa inmunitaria. Papel de la leche y sus componentes naturales]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Importance of nutrition for immune defense. The role of milk and its natural components]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bermejo López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aparicio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aránzazu]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loria Kohen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Viviana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Sobaler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana M]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosa M]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Complutense de Madrid Grupo de investigación VALORNUT-UCM (920030) Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos. Facultad de Farmacia]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>spe2</numero>
<fpage>17</fpage>
<lpage>22</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0212-16112021000500005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0212-16112021000500005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0212-16112021000500005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El sistema inmunitario es un sistema complejo e integrado cuya función principal es proteger al organismo de agresiones externas provocadas por microorganismos, alergenos o agentes tóxicos. Diferentes estudios ponen de manifiesto que el mantenimiento de las cantidades óptimas de diferentes nutrientes es esencial para garantizar la síntesis de diferentes factores y mediadores de este sistema. Entre los nutrientes y compuestos bioactivos con mayor interés destacan: las vitaminas A, B6, B12, C, D, E, ácido fólico (B9) y biotina (B7); minerales como el zinc, hierro, selenio, magnesio y cobre; proteínas (lactoferrina) y péptidos bioactivos; ácidos grasos omega-3, y otros nutrientes y compuestos bioactivos como fibra, polifenoles, carotenoides, probióticos, etc. El seguimiento de una dieta variada y equilibrada que incluya las raciones recomendadas por las guías alimentarias para cada grupo de alimentos es fundamental para alcanzar los requerimientos de estos nutrientes. Y entre los grupos de alimentos a los que se debe prestar especial atención están: las frutas y verduras (por su alto contenido en micronutrientes y compuestos antioxidantes), los pescados azules (por contener omega-3) y los lácteos (por ser alimentos con gran cantidad de nutrientes). En concreto, la leche, especialmente enriquecida, contiene muchos de los nutrientes anteriormente mencionados y su consumo diario, dentro de una dieta equilibrada, puede contribuir a cubrir cantidades importantes de sus valores de referencia. Por último, es importante considerar las leches enriquecidas como una buena alternativa dietética para aumentar la ingesta de muchos nutrientes importantes para el buen funcionamiento del sistema inmune y, en especial, de algunos de ellos, como la vitamina D, en los que un gran porcentaje de la población presenta deficiencias nutricionales.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The immune system is a complex and integrated system whose main function is to protect the body from external aggression by microorganisms, allergens, or toxic agents. Different studies show that maintaining optimal amounts of different nutrients in the body is essential to ensure the synthesis of different factors related to the immune system. Most interesting nutrients and bioactive compounds include: vitamins A, B6, B12, C, D, E, folic acid (B9) and biotin (B7); minerals such as zinc, iron, selenium, magnesium and copper; proteins (lactoferrin) and bioactive peptides; omega-3 fatty acids; and other nutrients and bioactive compounds such as fiber, polyphenols, carotenoids, probiotics, etc. Following a varied and balanced diet, including the servings recommended by food guides for each food group, is essential to achieve nutrient requirements. Food groups to which special attention should be paid are: fruits and vegetables (because of their high content in micronutrients and antioxidant compounds), fatty fish (because it contains omega-3 fatty acids), and dairy products (because this group contains a large number of nutrients). In particular, milk&#8211;especially enriched milk&#8211;contains many of the nutrients mentioned above. Moreover, their daily consumption, within a balanced diet, can help significantly cover their nutrient reference values. Finally, it is important to consider enriched kind of milk as a good dietary alternative to increase the intake of some important nutrients for the proper functioning of the immune system, most especially some of them such as vitamin D, since a large percentage of the population have nutritional deficiencies.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Sistema inmunitario]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Leche]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Leche enriquecida]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Nutrientes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Compuestos bioactivos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Immune system]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Milk]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Enriched milk]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nutrients]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bioactive compounds]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Usual Dietary Intake, Nutritional Adequacy and Food Sources of Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium and Vitamin D of Spanish Children Aged One to &lt;10 Years. Findings from the EsNuPI Study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutrients]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>16;12</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
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