<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0212-1611</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Nutrición Hospitalaria]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Nutr. Hosp.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0212-1611</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Grupo Arán]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0212-16112021000500008</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20960/nh.3794</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Problemática nutricional en fumadores y fumadores pasivos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Nutritional problems in smokers and passive smokers]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosa M]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Isabel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosa María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lorenzo Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lozano-Estevan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María del Carmen]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Complutense de Madrid Facultad de Farmacia Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Complutense de Madrid Grupo de investigación VALORNUT-UCM (920030) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital San Rafael Unidad de Gastroenterología Pediátrica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Facultad de Enfermería Departamento de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Terapia Ocupacional]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cuenca ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>spe2</numero>
<fpage>31</fpage>
<lpage>34</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0212-16112021000500008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0212-16112021000500008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0212-16112021000500008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Objetivos: el consumo de tabaco, activo o pasivo, afecta a un elevado porcentaje de individuos y se asocia a diversos riesgos sanitarios. Profundizar en los problemas nutricionales específicos de los fumadores que pueden contribuir a perjudicar su salud constituye el objeto de la presente revisión.  Métodos: búsqueda bibliográfica en relación con el tema.  Resultados: los fumadores consumen cantidades inferiores de diversos alimentos, especialmente: frutas, verduras, cereales y lácteos. Como consecuencia, su ingesta de vitaminas, minerales y fitoquímicos es inferior a la observada en los no fumadores. Su consumo de carne, cafeína y alcohol suele ser superior y su actividad inferior a la de los no fumadores, coexistiendo en los fumadores conductas poco saludables que se potencian, perjudicando la salud y la calidad de vida del colectivo. El estrés oxidativo y los cambios metabólicos hacen que las necesidades de algunos nutrientes sean superiores en los fumadores para lograr la misma situación bioquímica que en los no fumadores. Las ingestas recomendadas de vitamina C se han incrementado, pero probablemente sea necesario aumentar las de otros nutrientes. En general, los fumadores sufren deficiencias con más frecuencia (vitaminas C, E, &#946;-caroteno, B1, B2, B12, ácido fólico, calcio, magnesio, hierro, yodo, etc.) que los no fumadores. Los fumadores pasivos se ven afectados también en sus hábitos alimentarios y su situación nutricional.  Conclusiones: la peor situación nutricional de los fumadores puede contribuir a la aparición/el empeoramiento de diversas patologías asociadas al hábito de fumar (cardiovasculares, cáncer, cataratas, osteoporosis, etc.), por lo que la vigilancia nutricional y la corrección de las deficiencias nutricionales podrían suponer un beneficio sanitario para los fumadores y fumadores pasivos que debe ser considerada en el futuro.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Objective: active or passive tobacco use affects a high percentage of individuals and is associated with various health risks. The aim of this review was to look more closely at the nutritional problems that are specific of smokers, which may harm their health.  Methods: a bibliographic search related to the topic.  Results: smokers consume lower amounts of various foods, especially fruits, vegetables, cereals and dairy. As a result, their intake of vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals is lower than that observed in non-smokers. Their consumption of meat, caffeine and alcohol is usually higher, and their activity lower than those of non-smokers, coexisting in smokers unhealthy behaviors that contribute to harming their health and quality of life. Oxidative stress and metabolic changes render the needs for some nutrients higher in smokers to achieve the same biochemical situation as in non-smokers. Recommended intakes of vitamin C have increased, but it will probably be necessary to also increase the intakes of other nutrients. In general, smokers suffer from deficiencies more frequently (vitamins C, E, &#946;-carotene, B1, B2, B12, folic acid, calcium, magnesium, iron, iodine, etc.) than non-smokers. Passive smokers are also affected in their eating habits and nutritional status.  Conclusions: the worse nutritional status of smokers can contribute to the appearance/worsening of various diseases associated with smoking (cardiovascular, cancer, cataracts, osteoporosis, etc.); therefore, nutritional surveillance and correction of nutritional deficiencies could represents health benefits for smokers and passive smokers, which should be considered in the future.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Fumador]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Fumador pasivo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ingesta]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estrés oxidativo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Hábitos alimentarios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cambios metabólicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Riesgos sanitarios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Smoker]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Passive smoker]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Intake]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Oxidative stress]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Eating habits]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Metabolic changes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Health risks]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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