<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0212-1611</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Nutrición Hospitalaria]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Nutr. Hosp.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0212-1611</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Grupo Arán]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0212-16112021000600022</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20960/nh.03565</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Vitamin D deficiency in primary health care users at risk in Spain]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Deficiencia de vitamina D en usuarios de atención primaria con riesgo en España]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paz-Graniel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Indira]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso-Sanz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ramón]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marqués Baldero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carolina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mateos Gil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[César]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arija]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Victoria]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV) Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tarragona ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Institut d&#8217;Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tarragona ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Salud Carlos III Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN) Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Salud de Alfaro  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[La Rioja ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Reina Sofía Hospital Reina Sofía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Navarra ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV) Research Group in Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Reus, Tarragona ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,Institut Universitari d&#8217;Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol) Tarragona-Reus Research Support Unit ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<fpage>1058</fpage>
<lpage>1067</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0212-16112021000600022&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0212-16112021000600022&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0212-16112021000600022&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background and objectives: despite long hours of sunlight in Spain, vitamin D deficiency has been rising of late. We aimed to describe vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in at-risk patients in La Rioja, a region in northern Spain.  Methods: a retrospective, cross-sectional study involving 21,490 patients (74.3 % women) aged 14-105 years, who were primary health care (PHC) users in La Rioja, with an available 25-hidroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) test result corresponding to the first request from January 2013 to October 2015. Vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency were defined as 25(OH)D levels &lt; 12 ng/mL, 12-20 ng/mL, and &#8805; 20 ng/mL, respectively. Hypovitaminosis D was defined considering 2 cut-off points for 25(OH)D: &lt; 20 ng/mL and &lt; 30 ng/mL.  Results: mean 25(OH)D levels were 18.3 (SD, 11.6) ng/mL in the whole sample, being lower in men than in women (17.6 vs 18.5 ng/mL, p &lt; 0.001). Significantly higher 25(OH)D levels were found in the groups with 55-59, 60-64, 65-69, and 70-74 years of age (range, 19.4-20.4 ng/mL), and lower levels were found in the groups with 80-85 years and older (16.7 and 14.5 ng/mL), as compared to other groups. Two thirds of the population were vitamin D-deficient (&lt; 12 ng/mL, 30.9 %) or insufficient (12-20 ng/mL, 32.8 %), and only 32.8 % of patients were found to be vitamin D-sufficient (&gt; 20 ng/ml). Hypovitaminosis D rate was higher (89.7 %) when the 25(OH)D cut-off point was set at &lt; 30 ng/mL. A higher hypovitaminosis D rate (&lt; 20 ng/mL) was found in men (67.1 %) vs women (62.6 %) (p &lt; 0.001), and it was more prevalent in patients over 75 years (72.6 %). The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D followed a seasonal pattern ranging from 51.8 % to 76.5 %; the lowest 25(OH)D levels were found in winter, and the highest in summer, with levels above 20 ng/mL in all age groups except for patients over 75 years (17.7 ng/mL). Patients over 75 years exhibited high rates of deficiency or insufficiency across all seasons of the year.  Conclusions: in La Rioja, Spain, hypovitaminosis D was highly prevalent among PHC users, and especially in older age groups and during the winter months.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Justificación y objetivos: a pesar de las largas horas de exposición solar en España, la deficiencia de vitamina D ha ido en aumento. Nuestro objetivo fue describir la deficiencia e insuficiencia de vitamina D en pacientes de riesgo en La Rioja, España.  Métodos: estudio transversal retrospectivo en el que participaron 21.490 pacientes (74,3 % mujeres), usuarios de Atención Primaria (APS) en La Rioja, con resultado de prueba de 25-hidroxivitamina D (25(OH) D) disponible, correspondiente a las solicitudes efectuadas entre enero de 2013 y octubre de 2015. La deficiencia, insuficiencia y suficiencia de vitamina D se definieron como niveles de 25(OH)D &lt; 12 ng/mL, = 12-20 ng/mL y &#8805; 20 ng/mL, respectivamente. La hipovitaminosis D se definió considerando 2 puntos de corte de 25(OH)D: &lt; 20 ng/mL y &lt; 30 ng/mL.  Resultados: los valores medios de 25(OH)D fueron de 18,3 (DE: 11,6) ng/mL en toda la muestra, siendo menores en los hombres que en las mujeres (17,6 vs. 18,5 ng/mL, p &lt; 0,001). Se encontraron niveles de 25(OH)D significativamente más altos en los grupos de 55-59, 60-64, 65-69 y 70-74 años (rango, 19,4-20,4 ng/mL), y más bajos en los grupos de 80-85 años y mayores (16,7 y 14,5 ng/mL) en comparación con otros grupos. Dos tercios de la población presentaban deficiencia de vitamina D (&lt; 12 ng/mL, 30,9 %) o insuficiencia (12-20 ng/mL, 32,8 %), y solo el 32,8 % de los pacientes presentaban niveles suficientes de vitamina D (&gt; 20 ng/mL). La hipovitaminosis D fue mayor (89,7 %) cuando el punto de corte de 25(OH)D se estableció en &lt; 30 ng/mL. Se encontró una mayor tasa de hipovitaminosis D (&lt; 20 ng/mL) en los hombres (67,1 %) que en las mujeres (62,6 %) (p &lt; 0,001), y dicha hipovitaminosis fue más prevalente en los pacientes mayores de 75 años (72,6 %). La prevalencia de la hipovitaminosis D siguió un patrón estacional que varió del 51,8 % al 76,5 %. Los niveles más bajos de 25(OH)D se encontraron en invierno y los más altos en verano, con niveles por encima de 20 ng/mL en todos los grupos de edad excepto en los pacientes mayores de 75 años (17,7 ng/mL). Los pacientes mayores de 75 años presentaron altas tasas de deficiencia o insuficiencia durante todas las estaciones del año.  Conclusiones: en La Rioja, España, la hipovitaminosis D fue altamente prevalente entre los usuarios de APS y, especialmente, en los grupos de mayor edad y durante los meses de invierno.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Vitamin D deficiency]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Hypovitaminosis D]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Primary care]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[La Rioja]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Deficiencia de vitamina D]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Hipovitaminosis D]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Atención primaria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[La Rioja]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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