<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0212-1611</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Nutrición Hospitalaria]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Nutr. Hosp.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0212-1611</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Grupo Arán]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0212-16112022000800020</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20960/nh.04087</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Awareness and usage of nutrition information and effect of sociodemographic characteristics on various aspects of food labels in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Conocimiento y uso de la información nutricional y efecto de las características sociodemográficas sobre diversos aspectos del etiquetado de alimentos en Al-Ahsa, Arabia Saudí]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Binobead]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manal Abdulaziz]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alotaibi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mashael Ayed]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[AlSedairy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sahar Abdulaziz]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Harbi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laila Naif]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arzoo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Shaista]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Qahtani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wahidah H]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,King Saud University Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences College of Food and Agriculture Sciences]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Riyadh ]]></addr-line>
<country>Saudi Arabia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<fpage>1106</fpage>
<lpage>1116</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0212-16112022000800020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0212-16112022000800020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0212-16112022000800020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction: labels deliver basic product information, health safety and nutritional information.  Objectives: this study aims to assess consumers' knowledge, awareness, and practices in relation to food labels and the effect of sociodemographic characteristics on various aspects of food labels in Al-Ahsa.  Methods: a random sampling method was used to recruit participants (n = 403) and a validated electronic questionnaire was used to gather data.  Results: most of the participants (81.4 %) had moderate knowledge about general nutrition. The majority of them (58.8 %) placed high importance on reading food labels. Participants have positive opinions about the significance of reading food labels, and practice most of its aspects on a &#8220;frequent&#8221; basis. Lack of time was the main barrier for not utilizing food label information and obesity was the main concern if they did not read food labels. Results also demonstrate significant (p &#8804; 0.01) positive correlations between participants' nutrition knowledge and their rating of the significance and their opinion and practices of reading food labels. Participants' rating of the importance of reading food labels was positively correlated with participants' opinion and practices regarding food label. Results also indicate that participants' sex, age, body mass index, educational level and health status have significant (p &#8804; 0.05) effects on various aspects of food label under study. Finally, this study suggests some actions are required to enrich the knowledge, awareness, and practices regarding the food label among Saudi consumers in Al-Ahsa.  Conclusion: this study emphasizes the significance of education and awareness initiatives to empower consumers to understand and use nutrition facts labels in order to make healthy dietary choices.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción: las etiquetas contienen la información básica del producto en términos de seguridad para la salud y composición nutricional.  Objetivos: este estudio pretende valorar el conocimiento, la concienciación y la práctica de los consumidores saudíes con respecto a las etiquetas de los productos, así como el efecto de las características sociodemográficas sobre varios aspectos de dichas etiquetas en la región de Al-Ahsa.  Métodos: se usó el método del muestreo aleatorio para reclutar a consumidores saudíes (n = 403) en Al-Ahsa y se empleó un cuestionario electrónico validado para recolectar los datos.  Resultados: la mayoría de los participantes (el 81,4 %) tenían conocimientos moderados acerca de la nutrición en general. La mayor parte de los participantes (58,8 %) daba mucha importancia a la lectura de la etiqueta alimentaria. Además, los participantes tienen opiniones positivas sobre la importancia de leer las etiquetas de los alimentos y practican la mayoría de los aspectos relacionados con las mismas de forma &#8220;frecuente&#8221;. La falta de tiempo era el principal obstáculo para aprovechar la información nutricional de las etiquetas de los alimentos y la obesidad, la principal preocupación en caso de no leerlas. Los resultados muestran también correlaciones positivas significativas (p &#8804; 0,01) entre los conocimientos nutricionales de los participantes, su valoración de la importancia que tiene leer las etiquetas alimentarias y las prácticas derivadas de ellas. Además, la valoración que hacen los participantes de leer las etiquetas de los alimentos se correlacionó positivamente con su opinión sobre dichas etiquetas y las prácticas relacionadas con ellas. Los resultados también indican que el sexo, la edad, el índice de masa corporal, el nivel educativo y el estado de salud de los participantes tienen un efecto significativo (p &#8804; 0,05) sobre diversos aspectos de la etiqueta alimentaria sometida a estudio. Por último, este estudio sugiere que se precisan algunas acciones para enriquecer el conocimiento, la concienciación y las prácticas concernientes al etiquetado alimentario entre los consumidores saudíes de Al-Ahsa.  Conclusión: se resalta la importancia de las iniciativas de educación y concienciación para permitir a los consumidores comprender y usar las etiquetas de datos nutricionales a fin de que puedan elegir una dieta sana.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Food labeling]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nutrition knowledge]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Consumer awareness]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Sociodemographic]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Etiquetado de productos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Conocimiento nutricional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Conciencia del consumidor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Sociodemográfico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Educación]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Barqi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Salem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahrous]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Quraishi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benajiba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Understanding barriers towards the use of food labels among Saudi female college students]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Malays J Nutr]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>019-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saquib]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saquib]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alhadlag]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albakour]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aljumah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sughayyir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chronic disease prevalence among elderly Saudi men]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Health Sci (Qassim)]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>11-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Owaidah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Numair]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Suliman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mohammed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hasanato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al Zahrani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia are common epidemiological conditions in Saudi Arabia: report of the National Epidemiological Survey]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anemia]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>2020</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>STA Law Firm</collab>
<source><![CDATA[United Arab Emirates: Saudi Arabia Mandatory Calorie Labeling on Menus]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Kandari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jukes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The food control system in Saudi Arabia &#8211; Centralizing food control activities]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Food Control]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>33-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheftel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Food and nutrition labeling in the European Union]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Food Chem]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>93</volume>
<page-range>531-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anastasiou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dickinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The relationship between food label use and dietary intake in adults: a systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Appetite J]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>138</volume>
<page-range>280-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kretser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The new dietary reference intakes in food labeling: the food industry's perspective]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Clin Nutr]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>83</volume>
<page-range>1231-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grunert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández-Celemín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wills]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Genannt Bonsmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nureeva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use and understanding of nutrition information on food labels in six European countries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Public Health]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>261-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prathiraja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ariyawardana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of nutritional labeling on consumer buying behavior]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sri Lankan J Agric Econ]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>35-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cannoosamy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pugo-Gunsam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jeewon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Consumer knowledge and attitudes toward nutritional labels]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Nutr Educ Behav]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>334-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van der Merwe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bosman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ellis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Beer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mielmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Consumers' knowledge of food label information: an exploratory investigation in Potchefstroom, South Africa]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Public Health Nutr]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>403-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Drichoutis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lazaridis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nayga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nutrition knowledge and consumer use of nutritional food labels]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Rev Agric Econ]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<page-range>93-118</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vemula]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VVR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gavaravarapu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SRM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Knowledge and practices of using food label information among adolescents attending schools in Kolkata, India]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Nutr Educ Behav]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<page-range>773-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Washi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nutritional aspects of food labeling in Saudi Arabia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ahfad J]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>17-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wahab]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Food label use and awareness of nutritional information among consumers in Bahrain: an exploratory study Sustainability and resilience conference: mitigating risks and emergency planning]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[KnE Life Sci]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>2018</volume>
<page-range>26-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kliemann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wardle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Croker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reliability and validity of a revised version of the general nutrition knowledge questionnaire]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Clin Nutr]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<page-range>1174-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Song]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ChenY]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The understanding, attitude and use of nutrition label among consumers (China)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutr Hosp]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>31</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wojcicki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heyman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adolescent nutritional awareness and use of food labels: results from the national nutrition health and examination survey]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>12</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Hashem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Health education in Saudi Arabia: historical overview]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>16</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almalki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FitzGerald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Health Care System in Saudi Arabia: an overview]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[East Mediterr Health J]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>17</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norazlanshah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muhammad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hasmira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mashitam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norfazlila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fazlyla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The use of nutrition label on food purchasing decision among university students in Kuantan, Malaysia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Health Environ J]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>1-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nurliyana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norazmir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khairil Anuar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MI]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Knowledge, attitude and practices of university students regarding the use of nutritional information and food labels]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Asian J Clin Nutr]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>79-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cassady]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effects of nutrition knowledge on food label use. A review of the literature]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Appetite]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<page-range>207-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dutta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Study of consumer awareness on food labeling and use of pack information for purchase of pre-packaged food products]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Indian Psychol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>63-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacobs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Beer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adult consumers' understanding and use of information on food labels :a study among consumers living in the Potchefstroom and Klerksdorp regions, South Africa]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Public Health Nutr]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>510-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heidarinejad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hashemi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godarzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faghih]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montaseri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Attitudes, practices, and views of consumers on food labels in Bandar Abbas, 2017]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J BioMed Public Health]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>194-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schupp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gillespie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Consumer awareness and use of nutrition labels on packaged fresh meats: a pilot study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Food Distrib Res]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<page-range>24-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Themba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tanjo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Consumer awareness and usage of nutrition information in Botswana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Business Manag Horiz]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>44-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Graham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nutrition label use partially mediates the relationship between attitude toward healthy eating and overall dietary quality among college students]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Acad Nutr Diet]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>112</volume>
<page-range>414-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kelly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Se]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sahathevan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chinna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ismail]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reading the mind of children in response to food advertising: a cross-sectional study of Malaysian schoolchildren's attitudes towards food and beverages advertising on television]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Public Health]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>15</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahgoub]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lesoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gabotswang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Awareness and use of nutritional information on food packages among consumers in Maseru (Lesotho)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[African J Food Agric Nutr Dev]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>1-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ganbari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghochani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nowrouz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dehghanianzadeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aslani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessing knowledge and practice of food producers, retailers and consumers of food labels in Bostanabad]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Food Hyg]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>27-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hyang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kyong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Consumer's awareness and utilization for food labels]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Kore Scoc Food Sci Nutr]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>948-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kasapila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use and understanding of nutrition labels among consumers in Lilongwe (Malawi)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[AJFAND]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>5171-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loureiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gracia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nayga Jr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Do consumers value nutritional labels?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Rev Agric Econ]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<page-range>249-68</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nayga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Toward an understanding of consumers' perceptions of food labels]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int Food Agric Manage Rev]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>29-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aryee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Helegbe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agordoh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mohammed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muntala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koblaji]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Exploring consumer knowledge, understanding and use of food and nutrition label information in the tamale metropolis of Ghana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[African J Food Agric Nutr Dev]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>14415-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Washi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Awareness of food labeling among consumers in groceries in AlAin, United Arab Emirates]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Mark Stud]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>38-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arfaoui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alkhaldy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alareeshi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[AlSaadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alhendi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alghanmi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessment of knowledge and self-reported use of nutrition facts labels, nutrient content, and health claims among Saudi adult consumers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Multidiscip Health]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>2959-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
