<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0212-1611</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Nutrición Hospitalaria]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Nutr. Hosp.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0212-1611</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Grupo Arán]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0212-16112023000700004</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20960/nh.04947</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Propiedades de la leche en la inducción del sueño]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Properties of milk in sleep induction]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosa M]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez-Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana I]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosa M]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cervera-Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adrián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salas-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Dolores]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Complutense de Madrid Facultad de Farmacia Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Complutense de Madrid Grupo de investigación VALORNUT-UCM (920030) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital San Rafael Unidad de Gastroenterología Pediátrica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Facultad de Enfermería Departamento de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Terapia Ocupacional]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Clínico San Carlos Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IdISSC) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>spe2</numero>
<fpage>12</fpage>
<lpage>15</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0212-16112023000700004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0212-16112023000700004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0212-16112023000700004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La inducción del sueño y su calidad son temas de preocupación creciente porque su deterioro afecta a un número elevado de personas y supone un riesgo en su bienestar y calidad de vida y en la salud a largo plazo. Hay diversos factores implicados en el problema, pero la nutrición es uno de ellos y, en concreto, el consumo de leche se ha relacionado frecuentemente con los hábitos de sueño, a veces como factor promotor y otras como inhibidor. Profundizar en el tema es el objeto de la presente revisión. El triptófano, al llegar al cerebro, es la base para la síntesis de serotonina y melatonina, que mejoran la inducción y la calidad del sueño. Pero hay una competencia entre el triptófano y otros aminoácidos neutros de cadena larga (ANCL) (valina, leucina, isoleucina, tirosina y fenilalanina) para cruzar la barrera hematoencefálica y llegar al cerebro. En este sentido, las proteínas de la leche, con elevado contenido en triptófano y la relación más elevada entre triptófano y ANCL, son muy útiles en la promoción del sueño. Por otra parte, la leche también aporta diversos micronutrientes que ayudan en la transformación del triptófano en serotonina y melatonina, así como componentes antioxidantes, antiinflamatorios y péptidos bioactivos, y estudios recientes indican que modula favorablemente la composición de la microbiota intestinal. Los estudios realizados ponen de relieve que aumentar el consumo de leche, hasta el aporte aconsejado y dentro de una alimentación correcta, favorece el conseguir y mantener un sueño de calidad.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Sleep induction and its quality are issues of growing concern because its deterioration affects a large number of people and poses a risk to their well-being and quality of life and long-term health. There are several factors involved in the problem, but nutrition is one of them and in particular milk consumption has often been linked to sleep habits, sometimes as a promoter and sometimes as an inhibitor. The purpose of this review is to examine the matter further. On reaching the brain, tryptophan is the basis for the synthesis of serotonin and melatonin, which improve the induction and quality of sleep. But there is competition between tryptophan and other long-chain neutral amino acids (LNAA) (valine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine) to cross the blood-brain barrier and reach the brain. In this sense, milk proteins with a high tryptophan content and the highest ratio between tryptophan and LNAA are very useful in promoting sleep. Moreover, milk also provides various micronutrients that help in the transformation of tryptophan into serotonin and melatonin, as well as antioxidant components, anti-inflammatory and bioactive peptides, and recent studies indicate that it favorably modulates the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Studies show that increasing milk consumption, up to the recommended intake and within a correct diet, favors the achievement and maintenance of quality sleep.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Leche]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Triptófano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Aminoácidos neutros de cadena larga]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Serotonina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Melatonina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Milk]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Tryptophan]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Long-chain neutral amino acids]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Serotonin]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Melatonin]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AI]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nutrición en la lucha contra el insomnio y en la mejora de la calidad del sueño]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nutrición clínica y salud nutricional]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<edition>2</edition>
<page-range>115-22</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Médica Panamericana, S. A]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[St-Onge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zuraikat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neilson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Exploring the role of dairy products in sleep quality:from population studies to mechanistic evaluations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Adv Nutr]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scoditti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tumolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garbarino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mediterranean diet on sleep:a health alliance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutrients]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>14</numero>
<issue>14</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Komada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okajima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuwata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effects of milk and dairy products on sleep:a systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Environ Res Public Health]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>24</numero>
<issue>24</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aslam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marx]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rocks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loughman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chandrasekaran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruusunen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effects of dairy and dairy derivatives on the gut microbiota:a systematic literature review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gut Microbes]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Su]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Identification and screening of potential bioactive peptides with sleep-enhancing effects in bovine milk casein hydrolysate]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Agric Food Chem]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<numero>38</numero>
<issue>38</issue>
<page-range>11246-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tatone-Tokuda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dubois]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramsay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Girard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Touchette]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sex differences in the association between sleep duration, diet and body mass index:a birth cohort study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Sleep Res]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>448-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alkhatatbeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khwaileh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdul-Razzak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[High prevalence of low dairy calcium intake and association with insomnia, anxiety, depression and musculoskeletal pain in university students from Jordan]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Public Health Nutr]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>1778-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Irwin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vincent]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khalesi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The relationship between diet and sleep in older adults:a narrative review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Nutr Rep]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>166-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kitano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsunoda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsuji]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osuka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jindo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tanaka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Association between difficulty initiating sleep in older adults and the combination of leisure-time physical activity and consumption of milk and milk products:a cross-sectional study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Geriatr]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>118</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balfour-Lynn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Milk, mucus and myths]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Dis Child]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>104</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>91-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salvatore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agosti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baldassarre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[D'Auria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pensabene]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nosetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cow's milk allergy or gastroesophageal reflux disease - Can we solve the dilemma in infants?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutrients]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanlier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sabuncular]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Relationship between nutrition and sleep quality, focusing on the melatonin biosynthesis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sleep Biol Rhythms]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>89-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aranceta-Bartrina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Gross]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serra-Majem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varela-Moreiras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reported dietary intake, disparity between the reported consumption and the level needed for adequacy and food sources of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and vitamin D in the Spanish population:findings from the ANIBES Study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutrients]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), U. S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<edition>9</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[USDA, HHS ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
