<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0212-1611</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Nutrición Hospitalaria]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Nutr. Hosp.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0212-1611</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Grupo Arán]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0212-16112024000700015</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20960/nh.05460</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Papel de la dieta en la prevención y el desarrollo de la enfermedad de Crohn]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Role of diet in the prevention and development of Crohn's disease]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosa M]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez-Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Isabel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salas-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Dolores]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peral-Suárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[África]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paula]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Facultad de Enfermería Departamento de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Terapia Ocupacional]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cuenca ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Salud Joaquín Rodrigo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Complutense de Madrid Grupo de Investigación VALORNUT-UCM ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Complutense de Madrid Facultad de Farmacia Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>spe3</numero>
<fpage>57</fpage>
<lpage>61</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0212-16112024000700015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0212-16112024000700015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0212-16112024000700015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La enfermedad de Crohn (EC) es una enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) crónica recurrente con localización frecuente ileocólica, aunque puede afectar a todo el tracto gastrointestinal. Se caracteriza por el desarrollo de lesiones salteadas e inflamación transmural y su incidencia es cada vez mayor. La etiología y la patogénesis está relacionada con la susceptibilidad genética, la microbiota intestinal, la disbiosis, anomalías inmunológicas y factores ambientales (consumo de tabaco, AINE, anticonceptivos orales y la dieta). La dieta puede tener un papel clave en el desarrollo y en la prevención de la EC. Los patrones dietéticos con alto potencial inflamatorio (elevada ingesta de grasa saturada, azúcares, proteínas y sal, así como bajo consumo de frutas y verduras) se asocian con mayor riesgo de EC, mientras que el consumo de una dieta saludable, unida a la práctica de ejercicio, es un factor protector frente a recaídas en EII y disminuye el riesgo de EC. Respecto a los componentes alimentarios, el consumo de fibra, así como de polifenoles dietéticos, se ha relacionado con el mantenimiento de la barrera intestinal al prevenir la erosión de la capa mucosa. Los ácidos grasos &#969;-3, además de su actividad antiinflamatoria, favorecen el equilibrio de la microbiota intestinal y su suplementación disminuye las complicaciones posoperatorias y acelera la recuperación en pacientes con EC. También la vitamina D desempeña un papel importante en la integridad de la barrera intestinal al disminuir la permeabilidad, además de presentar un efecto inmunomodulador y antiinflamatorio. Es una herramienta útil en la mejora del paciente con EC. Los prebióticos y los probióticos pueden ser útiles en el tratamiento de pacientes con EII al estimular la producción de moco, reducir la inflamación y disbiosis y mantener la integridad de la barrera intestinal.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with frequent ileocolic location, although it can affect the entire gastrointestinal tract. It is characterized by the development of skipped lesions and transmural inflammation and its incidence is increasing. The etiology and pathogenesis are related to genetic susceptibility, intestinal microbiota, dysbiosis, immunological abnormalities and environmental factors (tobacco use, NSAIDs, oral contraceptives and diet). Diet may play a key role in the development and prevention of CD. Dietary patterns with high inflammatory potential (high intake of saturated fat, sugars, proteins, salt, as well as low consumption of fruits and vegetables) are associated with a higher risk of CD, while the consumption of a healthy diet, together with the practice of Exercise is a protective factor against relapses in IBD and reduces the risk of CD. Regarding dietary components, the consumption of fiber, as well as dietary polyphenols, has been related to the maintenance of the intestinal barrier by preventing erosion of the mucosal layer. &#969;-3 fatty acids, in addition to their anti-inflammatory activity, promote the balance of the intestinal microbiota and their supplementation reduces postoperative complications and accelerates recovery in patients with CD. Vitamin D also plays an important role in the integrity of the intestinal barrier by reducing permeability, in addition to having an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effect, being a useful tool in the improvement of patients with CD. Prebiotics and probiotics may be useful in the treatment of IBD patients by stimulating mucus production, reducing inflammation and dysbiosis, and maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Enfermedad de Crohn]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Dieta]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Nutrientes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Fibra]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ácidos grasos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Vitaminas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Fitoquímicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Crohn's disease]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Diet]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nutrients]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Fiber]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Fatty acids]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Vitamins]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Phytochemicals]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feuerstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheifetz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Crohn Disease: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mayo Clin Proc]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>1088-103</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burisch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: East meets west]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Gastroenterol Hepatol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>380-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chaparro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Núñez Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diz-Lois Palomares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riestra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain: Large-Scale Epidemiological Study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Med]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>19</numero>
<issue>19</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Confederación de Asociaciones de Enfermos de Crohn y colitis Ulcerosa de España (ACCU España)]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Veauthier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hornecker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Crohn's Disease: Diagnosis and Management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am Fam Physician]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>98</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>661-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gompertz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sedano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Manifestaciones clínicas y endoscópicas en enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Med Clín Las Condes]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>273-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Billiet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Assche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The use of prognostic factors in inflammatory bowel diseases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Gastroenterol Rep]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barnes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burakoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[New Biomarkers for Diagnosing Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Assessing Treatment Outcomes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Inflamm Bowel Dis]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>2956-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reghefaoui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peresuodei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saavedra Palacios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orji]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reghefaoui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Role of Serological Markers in the Prediction of Disease Course and Response to Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cureus]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An observational study of the effects of &#969;-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-supplemented parenteral nutrition on postoperative complications in patients with Crohn's disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Palliat Med]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>336-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fumery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seksik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Auzolle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Munoz-Bongrand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gornet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boschetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Postoperative Complications after Ileocecal Resection in Crohn's Disease: A Prospective study from the REMIND Group]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>112</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>337-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lochhead]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khalili]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Song]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tabung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dietary Inflammatory Potential and Risk of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gastroenterology]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>159</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>873.e1-83.e1</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khaja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elwasila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Role of ATG16L, NOD2 and IL23R in Crohn's disease pathogenesis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World J Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>412-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abraham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inflammatory bowel disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>361</volume>
<numero>21</numero>
<issue>21</issue>
<page-range>2066-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zeissig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bürgel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Günzel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mankertz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wahnschaffe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Changes in Expression and Distribution of Claudin 2, 5 and 8 Lead to Discontinuous Tight Junctions and Barrier Dysfunction in Active Crohn's Disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gut]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<page-range>61-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salvo-Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso-Cotoner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pardo-Camacho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casado-Bedmar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vicario]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Función barrera intestinal y su implicación en enfermedades digestivas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Esp Enferm Dig]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<page-range>686-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stafford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interferon-gamma directly affects barrier function of cultured intestinal epithelial monolayers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Invest]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>83</volume>
<page-range>724-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández-Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martín-Vallejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of Tobacco Use on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Farma Journal]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>19-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hijos-Mallada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sostres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomollón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[NSAIDs, gastrointestinal toxicity and inflammatory bowel disease. AINE, toxicidad gastrointestinal y enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gastroenterol Hepatol]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>215-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pasvol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bloom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Segal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rait]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horsfall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use of contraceptives and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a nested case-control study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aliment Pharmacol Ther]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>318-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Statovci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MacSharry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melgar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Impact of Western Diet and Nutrients on the Microbiota and Immune Response at Mucosal Interfaces]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front Immunol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>8</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Desai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seekatz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koropatkin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kamada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hickey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wolter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Dietary Fiber-Deprived Gut Microbiota Degrades the Colonic Mucus Barrier and Enhances Pathogen Susceptibility]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cell]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>167</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1339.e21-53.e21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stolfi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pacifico]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monteleone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laudisi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of Western Diet and Ultra-Processed Food on the Intestinal Mucus Barrier]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biomedicines]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khalili]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Håkansson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lochhead]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ludvigsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with a lower risk of later-onset Crohn's disease: results from two large prospective cohort studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gut]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1637-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Mateo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Domínguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gargallo-Puyuelo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alfambra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escuin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Healthy Lifestyle Is a Protective Factor from Moderate and Severe Relapses and Steroid Use in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Inflamm Bowel Dis]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lomer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Powell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fine and ultrafine particles of the diet: influence on the mucosal immune response and association with Crohn's disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proc Nutr Soc]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>123-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maslowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mackay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diet, gut microbiota and immune responses]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Immunol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>5-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abraham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El-Serag]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dietary intake and risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review of the literature]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>106</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>563-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stolfi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pacifico]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monteleone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laudisi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of Western Diet and Ultra-Processed Food on the Intestinal Mucus Barrier]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biomedicines]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>11</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boccuzzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Infante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ricordi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The potential therapeutic role of vitamin D in inflammatory bowel disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>4678-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[White]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D deficiency and the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>175</volume>
<page-range>23-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raftery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martineau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greiller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghosh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McNamara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bennett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of vitamin D supplementation on intestinal permeability, cathelicidin and disease markers in Crohn's disease: results from a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[United European Gastroenterol J]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>294-302</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Volstatova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marchica]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hroncova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doskocil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Havlik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of chlorogenic acid, epicatechin gallate, and quercetin on mucin expression and secretion in the Caco-2/HT29-MTX cell model]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Food Sci Nutr]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>492-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gowd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kanika]]></surname>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chaudhary]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rudayni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rashid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Resveratrol and resveratrol nano-delivery systems in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Nutr Biochem]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>109</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laudisi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Fusco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dinallo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stolfi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Grazia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marafini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Food Additive Maltodextrin promotes endoplasmic reticulum stress-driven mucus depletion and exacerbates intestinal inflammation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>457-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Milner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boudreau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gokulan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerniglia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khare]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of subchronic exposure of silver nanoparticles on intestinal microbiota and gut-associated immune responses in the ileum of Sprague-Dawley rats]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nanotoxicology]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>279-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vitulo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gnodi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meneveri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barisani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interactions between Nanoparticles and Intestine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Mol Sci]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stolfi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pacifico]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monteleone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laudisi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of Western Diet and Ultra-Processed Food on the Intestinal Mucus Barrier]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biomedicines]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Probiotics fortify intestinal barrier function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front Immunol]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>14</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
