<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0212-1611</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Nutrición Hospitalaria]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Nutr. Hosp.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0212-1611</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Grupo Arán]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0212-16112025000100017</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20960/nh.05249</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effects of 3-day fasting on secretory IgA concentration in the saliva and lymphotoxin alpha expression in healthy volunteers: a proof of concept study]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efecto de 3 días de ayuno sobre la concentración de IgA secretora en la saliva y la expresión de linfotoxina alfa en voluntarios sanos: un estudio de prueba de concepto]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quiroz-Olguín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez-Salmeán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borja-Magno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Angélica I]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adriana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guevara-Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martha]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco Enrique]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serralde-Zúñiga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aurora E]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Clinical Nutrition Service ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Anáhuac Faculty of Health Sciences Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Department of Nutrition Physiology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>131</fpage>
<lpage>136</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0212-16112025000100017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0212-16112025000100017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0212-16112025000100017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background: animal studies have shown that enteral stimuli play an important role in modulating gut-associated lymphoid tissue thus fasting may exert detrimental effects on such.  Objective: the main objectives of this study were: 1) to evaluate the effect of 3-day fasting on secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) in parotid saliva; and 2) to determine the levels of lymphotoxin (LT) transcription in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) from healthy volunteers as a proxy for studying GALT health.  Methods: these adult volunteers had fasted for 3 days as part of a cultural ritual. Eleven volunteers (seven men and four women) with a median age of 43 (40-56) were included. Parotid saliva and blood samples were collected on day 0 (no fasting) and 3 days after fasting. Parotid saliva was obtained using a modified on-Crittenden device, and S-IgA was quantified using ELISA. Total RNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and the level of lymphotoxin (LT) mRNA expression was determined by RT-PCR. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), IL-10 (interleukin), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)&#945;, body composition and other metabolic indicators were measured.  Results: median BMI was 27.3 kg/m2 (24.9-29.1). After 3 days of fasting, there were no significant differences in S-IgA concentrations (p = 0.657), LT expression (p = 0.063), LPS (p = 0.182), nor IL-10 (p = 0.110). We found a statistical difference in TNF&#945; levels (13.5 vs 11.3 pg/mL; p = 0.005) between the 0 and 3-day samples; TNF&#945; decreased after fasting.  Conclusion: further studies are needed to clarify the role of LT in the production of S-IgA and its relationship with nutritional status and inflammatory factors.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción: estudios en animales han demostrado que el estímulo enteral desempeña un papel importante en la modulación del tejido linfoide asociado al intestino.  Objetivo: evaluar el efecto del ayuno de 3 días sobre la inmunoglobulina A secretora (S-IgA) en saliva de parótida y determinar el estado del GALT mediante los niveles de transcripción de linfotoxina (LT) en células mononucleares de sangre periférica (PBMNC) de voluntarios sanos.  Métodos: los voluntarios ayunaron durante 3 días como parte de un ritual cultural. Se incluyeron once voluntarios (siete hombres y cuatro mujeres) con una edad media de 43 años (40-56). Se obtuvieron muestras de saliva de parótida y sangre en el día 0 (sin ayuno) y 3 días después del ayuno. La saliva parotídea se obtuvo utilizando un dispositivo Crittenden modificado y la S-IgA se cuantificó mediante ELISA. Se aisló ARN total de PBMNC de sangre periférica y se determinó mediante RT-PCR el nivel de expresión de ARNm de LT. Se midieron lipopolisacáridos (LPS), IL-10, factor de necrosis tumoral (TNF)&#945;, composición corporal y otros indicadores metabólicos.  Resultados: después de 3 días de ayuno, no hubo diferencias significativas en las concentraciones de S-IgA (p = 0,657), expresión de LT (p = 0,063), LPS (p = 0,182) o IL-10 (p = 0,110). La concentración de TNF&#945; (13,5 vs. 11,3 pg/mL; p = 0,005) entre las muestras al día 0 y 3, disminuyó después del ayuno.  Conclusión: se necesitan más estudios para aclarar el papel de la LT en la producción de S-IgA y su relación con el estado nutricional y los factores inflamatorios.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Fasting]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Immunoglobulin A]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Gut-associated lymphoid tissue]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mucosal immunity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Inflammation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Lymphotoxin alpha]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ayuno]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Immunoglobulina A]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Tejido linfoide asociado al intestino]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Inmunidad de mucosas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Inflamación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Linfotoxina alfa]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<source><![CDATA[Indian J Clin Biochem]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>586-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
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</back>
</article>
