<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0212-1611</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Nutrición Hospitalaria]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Nutr. Hosp.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0212-1611</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Grupo Arán]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0212-16112025000200020</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20960/nh.05728</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Guía de la OMS sobre edulcorantes no nutritivos: un análisis reflexivo]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[WHO guidance on non-nutritive sweeteners - a critical analysis]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Daza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Merchán-Chaverra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuéllar-Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yeny]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camila Gómez-Univio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beatriz Ardila-Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Posada-Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Savino-Lloreda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Patricia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Magíster en Epidemiología Clínica Nutrición y Dietética ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cundinamarca ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Latinoamericano de Nutrición (CELAN) Nutrición y Dietética. Magíster en Epidemiología Clínica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cundinamarca ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Especialidad en Bioquímica Clínica Nutrición y Dietética ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cundinamarca ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Magíster en Nutrición Y Metabolismo Nutrición y Dietética ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cundinamarca ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Latinoamericano de Nutrición (CELAN) Nutrición y Dietética ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cundinamarca ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Especialidad en Bioquímica Clínica Nutrición y Dietética ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cundinamarca ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,MBA en Salud. Centro Latinoamericano de Nutrición (CELAN) Nutrición y Dietética ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cundinamarca ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>376</fpage>
<lpage>384</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0212-16112025000200020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0212-16112025000200020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0212-16112025000200020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El uso de edulcorantes sin azúcar (ESA) ha adquirido cada vez mayor importancia como alternativa para reducir la ingesta de azúcares libres, y forma parte de la respuesta mundial a la creciente prevalencia de enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT). Los ESA ofrecen dulzor sin aportar energía calórica, lo que los posiciona como una herramienta potencial para combatir las ENT. Sin embargo, sus efectos a largo plazo sobre la salud siguen siendo controvertidos, en particular entre los profesionales de la salud. En 2023, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) publicó una guía que examina el papel de los ESA en la promoción de una alimentación saludable, la prevención del aumento de peso y el tratamiento de las ENT relacionadas con la dieta. Aunque algunos estudios incluidos en la guía sugieren beneficios, como la reducción del peso corporal y la menor ingesta de energía, la evidencia aún no es concluyente. La mayoría de los estudios disponibles, predominantemente observacionales, destacan los posibles riesgos asociados al uso de ESA. Sin embargo, estos hallazgos son limitados a la hora de establecer la causalidad debido a sesgos y factores de confusión. Esta revisión ofrece un análisis crítico de las directrices de la OMS y destaca la necesidad de realizar investigaciones más exhaustivas para comprender mejor los riesgos y los beneficios de las ESA tanto para la población general como para las personas con ENT. La evidencia científica actual revela importantes brechas de conocimiento sobre las implicaciones a largo plazo del uso de las ESA.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The use of non-sugar sweeteners (NSS) has gained prominence as an alternative to reduce free sugar consumption, aligning with global efforts to combat the growing prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). By providing sweetness without caloric energy, NSS are viewed as potential tools in addressing diet-related health challenges. However, their long-term effects on health remain contentious, especially within the medical community. In 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) released guidelines evaluating the role of NSS in promoting healthy eating, preventing weight gain, and mitigating NCDs. While some studies highlight benefits, such as lower body weight and reduced energy intake, the evidence is inconclusive. Observational research predominantly raises concerns about potential risks associated with NSS, but these studies face limitations, including biases and confounding variables that hinder causal conclusions. This analysis underscores the urgent need for comprehensive, high-quality research to clarify the risks and benefits of NSS. Current evidence is limited in scope and fails to address critical knowledge gaps, particularly regarding their long-term implications for the general population and individuals with NCDs. Expanding the scientific understanding of NSS is essential to inform public health recommendations and clinical guidelines effectively.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Edulcorantes no nutritivos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Guía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Organización Mundial de la Salud]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Azúcares]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Enfermedades no transmisibles]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Práctica clínica basada en la evidencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Non-nutritive sweeteners]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Guideline]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[World Health Organization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Sugars]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Noncommunicable diseases]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Evidence-based practice]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>World Health Organization</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Use of non-sugar sweeteners:WHO guideline]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>90</volume>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[World Health Organization]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Non communicable diseases]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Islam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ANMS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sultana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nazmul Hassan Refat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Md]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farhana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdulbasah Kamil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meshbahur Rahman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The global burden of overweight-obesity and its association with economic status, benefiting from STEPs survey of WHO member states:A meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Prev Med Rep]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>46</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[XD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[QF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zuluaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Targher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Byrne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Burden of disease attributable to high body mass index:an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[EClinicalMedicine]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>76</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schulze]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lichtenstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Forouhi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Food based dietary patterns and chronic disease prevention]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>361</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Codex Alimentarius</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Nombres Génericos y Sistema Internacional de Numeración de Aditivos Alimentarios (CXG 36-1989)]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>110</volume>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Organización Mundial para la Agricultura y Alimentación (FAO)]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kroger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meister]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kava]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Low-calorie sweeteners and other sugar substitutes:A review of the safety issues]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>35-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Norma general para el etiquetado y declaración de propiedades de alimentos preenvasados para regímenes especiales]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lohner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toews]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meerpohl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Health outcomes of non-nutritive sweeteners:analysis of the research landscape]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutr J]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Conz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salmona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diomede]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of Non-Nutritive Sweeteners on the Gut Microbiota]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutrients]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sylvetsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Welsh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rother]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Talegawkar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Consumption of Low-Calorie Sweeteners among Children and Adults in the United States]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Acad Nutr Diet]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>117</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>441.2-8.2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Butchko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stargel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Comer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aspartame:Review of Safety]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Regul Toxicol Pharmacol]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>2, Supplement</numero>
<issue>2, Supplement</issue>
<page-range>S1-S93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magnuson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carakostas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poulos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Renwick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biological fate of low-calorie sweeteners]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutr Rev]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>74</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>670-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orellana-Paucar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Steviol Glycosides from Stevia rebaudiana:An Updated Overview of Their Sweetening Activity, Pharmacological Properties, and Safety Aspects]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Molecules]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Renwick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O'Shaughnessy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The metabolism of cyclamate to cyclohexylamine in humans during long-term administration]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Toxicol Appl Pharmacol]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>196</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>367-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>U S. Food and Drug Administration</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aspartame and Other Sweeteners in Food]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[FDA]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martyn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Darch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roberts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yaqiong Tian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaburagi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Low-/No-Calorie Sweeteners:A Review of Global Intakes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutrients]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guyatt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oxman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vist]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[GRADE:an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>336</volume>
<numero>7650</numero>
<issue>7650</issue>
<page-range>924-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maslova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strøm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Halldorsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TI]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Consumption of artificially-sweetened soft drinks in pregnancy and risk of child asthma and allergic rhinitis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PloS One]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cohen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JFW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rifas-Shiman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Young]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oken]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Associations of Prenatal and Child Sugar Intake with Child Cognition]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Prev Med]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>727-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Guerrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guillén-Medina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Márquez-Sandoval]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Methodological and Statistical Considerations for Cross-Sectional, Case-Control, and Cohort Studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Med]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>14</numero>
<issue>14</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ayoub-Charette]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sievenpiper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Non-nutritive Sweeteners and Health:Reconciling Evidence and Interrogating Guideline Disconnects]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Adv Nutr Bethesda Md]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Higgins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rawal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kramer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yerke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klurfeld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An Overview of Reviews on the Association of Low Calorie Sweetener Consumption With Body Weight and Adiposity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Adv Nutr Bethesda Md]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sievenpiper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viguiliouk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Auyeung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The importance of study design in the assessment of nonnutritive sweeteners and cardiometabolic health]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CMAJ Can Med Assoc J J Assoc Medicale Can]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>189</volume>
<numero>46</numero>
<issue>46</issue>
<page-range>E1424-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ayoub-Charette]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noronha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McGlynn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiavaroli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[WHO guideline on the use of non-sugar sweeteners:a need for reconsideration]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Clin Nutr]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1009-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lamballais]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xiao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Artificially sweetened beverage consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality:an updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutr J]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Long]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Artificially Sweetened Beverage Consumption and Cancer Risk:A Comprehensive Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutrients]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>21</numero>
<issue>21</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glenn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shikany]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Added Sugar, Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, and Artificially Sweetened Beverages and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease:Findings from the Women's Health Initiative and a Network Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutrients]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>20</numero>
<issue>20</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tobiassen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pa]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Køster-Rasmussen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Substitution of sugar-sweetened beverages with non-caloric alternatives and weight change:A systematic review of randomized trials and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Obes Rev Off J Int Assoc Study Obes]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laviada-Molina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rangel-Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molina-Segui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of non-nutritive sweeteners on the BMI of children and adolescents:a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and prospective cohort studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet Glob Health]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>Suppl 1</numero>
<issue>Suppl 1</issue>
<page-range>S8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[He]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhuang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Association between consumption of sweeteners and endometrial cancer risk:a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Nutr]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>131</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>63-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balint]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erdodi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Is there a promoting role for artificial sweeteners in the evolution of bladder cancer?A meta-analysis of current literature]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Minerva Surg]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>92-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[He]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Association between Consumption of Artificial Sweeteners and Breast Cancer Risk:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutr Cancer]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>795-804</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guercio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niedzwiecki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Babic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales-Oyarvide]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Associations of artificially sweetened beverage intake with disease recurrence and mortality in stage III colon cancer:Results from CALGB 89803 (Alliance)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lohner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuellenberg de Gaudry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toews]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferenci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meerpohl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Non-nutritive sweeteners for diabetes mellitus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baker-Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Ferranti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cochran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Use of Nonnutritive Sweeteners in Children]]></article-title>
<collab>Committee on Nutrition section on Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatrics]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>144</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bailón Uriza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ayala Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cavagnari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Celis González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chapa Tellez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chá vez Brambila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Edulcorantes no calóricos en la mujer en edad reproductiva:documento de consenso]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutr Hosp]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>211-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gebremichael]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lassi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ZS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Begum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of perinatal consumption of low-calorie sweetener on maternal health:A systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Nutr ESPEN]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<page-range>164-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andreassen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aquilina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bastos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fallico]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<collab>EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF)</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Re-evaluation of saccharin and its sodium, potassium and calcium salts (E 954) as food additives]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[EFSA J]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laviada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escobar-Duque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereyra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romo-Romo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brito-Córdova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Consenso de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Diabetes sobre uso de edulcorantes no calóricos en personas con diabetes. Alad]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>152-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>41</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serra-Majem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raposo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aranceta-Bartrina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varela-Moreiras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Logue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laviada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ibero-American Consensus on Low- and No-Calorie Sweeteners:Safety, Nutritional Aspects and Benefits in Food and Beverages]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutrients]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
