<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0212-1611</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Nutrición Hospitalaria]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Nutr. Hosp.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0212-1611</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Grupo Arán]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0212-16112025000400641</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20960/nh.05653</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Polynomial index of overweight and obesity (IPSO): a novel epidemiological approach to measure and compare body mass index/age z-score among populations aged 5-11]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Índice polinomial de sobrepeso y obesidad (IPSO): una nueva aproximación para medir y comparar la puntuación z del índice de masa corporal para la edad en la población escolar]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arcos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marco Antonio Ávila]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marti Yareli del Monte]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Curiel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Abelardo Ávila]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Galindo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shamah-Levy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Teresa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cuernavaca ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>641</fpage>
<lpage>651</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0212-16112025000400641&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0212-16112025000400641&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0212-16112025000400641&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction: between 1999 and 2022, the prevalence of overweight and obesity (OW + Ob) in adults increased by more than 20 % in 45 countries, a trend also reflected in the rise of obesity among children and adolescents in 186 countries.  Objectives: to compare OW + Ob in the population aged 5 to 11 years over different periods using the polynomial index of overweight and obesity (IPSO).  Methodology: cross-sectional anthropometric data from children aged 5-11 years were analyzed using information from the 1999 National Nutrition Survey, the National Health and Nutrition Surveys (ENSANUT 2006-2022), and the National Weight and Height Registry (RNPT 2015-2018). z-scores for BMI-for-age were calculated based on WHO standards. Means for age and z-scores were estimated for all ages (60-144 months) across seven intervals. T-SQL scripts were developed to obtain a polynomial regression model and an integral to calculate IPSO values, which were graphically represented.  Results: IPSO60-144 increased from 32.5 in 1999 to 50.1 in 2006 and 53.1 in 2022, showing increases across all analyzed age intervals. The RNPT highlighted differences by sex (27.62 for girls vs. 41.57 for boys) and socioeconomic level.  Conclusions: IPSO is useful for historical analysis and monitoring the magnitude of obesity in future research, as it enables visualization of OW + Ob trends in school-aged children. It is a key tool for guiding interventions and public policy proposals aimed at reducing OW + Ob in childhood.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción: entre 1999 y 2022, la prevalencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad (SP + Ob) en adultos aumentó más del 20 % en 45 países, tendencia que también se refleja en el incremento de obesidad en niños y adolescentes en 186 países.  Objetivos: comparar el SP + Ob en la población de 5 a 11 años de edad durante diferentes períodos, utilizando el índice polinomial de sobrepeso y obesidad (IPSO).  Metodología: se analizaron datos antropométricos transversales de niños/as de 5-11años utilizando información de la Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición de 1999, las Encuestas Nacionales de Salud y Nutrición (ENSANUT 2006-2022) y el Registro Nacional de Peso y Talla (RNPT 2015-2018). Las puntuaciones z del indicador IMC para la edad fueron calculadas con la referencia de la OMS, se estimaron las medias de edad y score z para todas las edades (60-144 meses) en siete intervalos. Se desarrollaron scripts en lenguaje T-SQL para obtener un modelo de ajuste mediante regresión polinomial, y una integral para obtener los valores del IPSO representados gráficamente.  Resultados: el IPSO60-144 mostró un incremento de 32,5 en 1999 a 50,1 en 2006 y 53,1 en 2022, identificándose incrementos en todos los intervalos de edad analizados. El RNPT destacó diferencias por sexo (27,62 para mujeres vs. 41,57 en hombres) y nivel socioeconómico.  Conclusiones: el IPSO es útil para análisis histórico y vigilancia de la magnitud de obesidad en futuras investigaciones, permite visualizar el comportamiento del SP + Ob en escolares. Es una herramienta clave para guiar intervenciones y propuestas de política pública orientadas a la reducción del SP + Ob en la infancia.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Body mass index]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[BMI/age z-score]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Childhood obesity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Growth charts]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nutritional status index]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Índice de masa corporal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Score z]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[IMC para la edad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Obesidad infantil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Patrones de crecimiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Índices de estado de nutrición]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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