<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0212-1611</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Nutrición Hospitalaria]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Nutr. Hosp.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0212-1611</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Grupo Arán]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0212-16112025000500963</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20960/nh.05720</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Nonlinear dose-response relationship between dietary niacin intake and osteoporosis in U.S. adults over 50 years of age &#8212; A cross-sectional study of the 2007-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Relación no lineal dosis-respuesta entre la ingesta dietética de niacina y la osteoporosis en adultos estadounidenses mayores de 50 años: estudio transversal de la Encuesta Nacional de Examen de Salud y Nutrición (NHANES, 2007-2018)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Botao]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[An]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jinyang]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lingling]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yangyang]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Xinsai]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Shuyun]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lv]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Haihong]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Lanzhou University The First Clinical Medical College ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lanzhou ]]></addr-line>
<country>People&#8217;s Republic of China</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,The First Hospital of Lanzhou University Department of Endocrinology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lanzhou ]]></addr-line>
<country>People&#8217;s Republic of China</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi&#8217;an Medical University Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Xi&#8217;an ]]></addr-line>
<country>People&#8217;s Republic of China</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<fpage>963</fpage>
<lpage>973</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0212-16112025000500963&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0212-16112025000500963&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0212-16112025000500963&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background and objectives: osteoporosis (OP) is prevalent among older adults, and nutritional factors significantly contribute to its development. Although some studies suggest niacin may influence bone health, the existing evidence remains inconclusive. This study investigates the dose-response relationship between dietary niacin intake and osteoporosis risk in US adults aged 50 years or older, using nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2007-2018).  Methods and design: this cross-sectional study included 2308 adults aged &#8805; 50 years from the NHANES. Dietary niacin intake was assessed using two non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls. Weighted multivariable logistic regression analyzed associations between niacin and OP, while restricted cubic spline (RCS) models evaluated potential nonlinear dose-response relationships.  Results: the baseline analysis revealed significantly lower dietary niacin intake levels among OP patients. Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated that, after adjusting for confounders, participants in the highest percentile of dietary niacin intake exhibited a significantly reduced OP risk compared to those in the lowest percentile (OR:0.81, 95 % CI: 0.68-0.84, p = 0.03), with a significant dose-response trend (p for trend = 0.04). Using RCS modeling, this study is the first to identify a nonlinear dose-response relationship (inverted U-shaped curve, overall p &lt; 0.05, nonlinear p &lt; 0.05) between niacin intake and OP risk. Subgroup analyses further revealed sex-specific differences in the association (p for interaction = 0.027), suggesting that niacin&#8217;s skeletal benefits may vary by biological sex. These findings provide novel insights into niacin&#8217;s role in OP prevention and inform personalized dietary recommendations.  Conclusions: this study, based on NHANES data (2007-2018), first reveals a nonlinear inverted U-shaped association between dietary niacin intake and osteoporosis risk in a US population aged &#8805; 50 years, filling the research gap in dose-response characteristics among middle-aged and elderly populations. It proposes a bone-protective threshold for niacin intake (18.62-50 mg/d), providing potential evidence for revising current dietary guidelines. Furthermore, the study innovatively employs RCS models to identify gender-specific inflection points, and is the first to demonstrate the significant moderating effect of gender on the niacin-osteoporosis association. These findings establish a scientific foundation for personalized nutritional interventions.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Antecedentes y objetivos: la osteoporosis es prevalente en los adultos mayores, y los factores nutricionales contribuyen significativamente a su desarrollo. Aunque algunos estudios sugieren que la niacina podría influir en la salud ósea, la evidencia existente sigue siendo inconclusa. Este estudio investiga la relación dosis-respuesta entre la ingesta dietética de niacina y el riesgo de osteoporosis en adultos estadounidenses de 50 años o mayores, utilizando datos representativos a nivel nacional de la Encuesta Nacional de Examen de Salud y Nutrición (NHANES, 2007-2018).  Métodos y diseño del estudio: este estudio transversal incluyó a 2308 adultos &#8805; 50 años de la encuesta NHANES. La ingesta dietética de niacina se evaluó mediante dos registros dietéticos de 24 horas no consecutivos. Se utilizó la regresión logística multivariable ponderada para analizar las asociaciones entre la niacina y la OP, mientras que modelos de spline cúbico restringido (RCS) evaluaron las posibles relaciones no lineales dosis-respuesta.  Resultados: el análisis basal reveló niveles significativamente más bajos de ingesta dietética de niacina en los pacientes con OP. La regresión logística multivariable demostró que, tras ajustar los factores de confusión, los participantes en el percentil más alto de ingesta de niacina presentaron un riesgo significativamente menor de OP en comparación con aquellos en el percentil más bajo (OR: 0,81; IC 95 %: 0,68-0,84; p = 0,03), observándose una tendencia significativa de relación dosis-respuesta (p de tendencia = 0,04). Mediante modelos RCS, este estudio es el primero en identificar una relación no lineal dosis-respuesta (curva en forma de U invertida; p global &lt; 0,05; p no lineal &lt; 0,05) entre la ingesta de niacina y el riesgo de OP, estableciendo un rango óptimo de protección de 18,62-50 mg/día. Los análisis de subgrupos revelaron diferencias específicas por sexo en esta asociación (p de interacción = 0,027), sugiriendo que los beneficios óseos de la niacina podrían variar según el sexo biológico. Estos hallazgos aportan nuevas perspectivas sobre el papel de la niacina en la prevención de la OP y fundamentan las recomendaciones dietéticas personalizadas.  Conclusiones: este estudio, basado en datos de la NHANES (2007-2018), revela por primera vez una asociación no lineal en forma de U invertida entre la ingesta dietética de niacina y el riesgo de osteoporosis en una población estadounidense &#8805; 50 años, llenando el vacío en la investigación sobre las características de la dosis-respuesta en poblaciones de mediana y avanzada edad. Propone un umbral osteoprotector para la ingesta de niacina (18,62-50 mg/d), ofreciendo evidencia potencial para revisar las guías dietéticas actuales. Además, el estudio emplea innovadoramente modelos de RCS para identificar puntos de inflexión específicos por género, siendo el primero en demostrar el efecto moderador significativo del género en la asociación niacina-osteoporosis. Estos hallazgos establecen una base científica para las intervenciones nutricionales personalizadas.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Dietary niacin intake]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Osteoporosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cross-­sectional study]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nonlinear dose-response]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ingesta dietética de niacina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Osteoporosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estudio transversal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Relación dosis-respuesta no lineal]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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