<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0213-1285</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Avances en Odontoestomatología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Av Odontoestomatol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0213-1285</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Avances, S.L.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0213-12852020000300002</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4321/s0213-12852020000300002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El uso de rayos X en odontología y la importancia de la justificación de exámenes radiográficos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Use of X rays in dentistry and the importance of justification of radiographic examinations]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barba Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1b"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz García de Chacón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hidalgo Rivas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A1a">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Facultad de Odontología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A1b">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Perú</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia Facultad de Estomatología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Perú</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Talca Departamento de Estomatología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>131</fpage>
<lpage>142</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0213-12852020000300002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0213-12852020000300002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0213-12852020000300002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción: Los exámenes radiográficos odontológicos usan radiaciones ionizantes, las que pueden producir efectos adversos en la salud de pacientes y trabajadores ocupacionalmente expuestos a radiaciones. La protección radiológica busca que la justificación de la exposición a radiación ionizante sea adecuada, y produzca al paciente mayor beneficio que riesgo. El objetivo del presente artículo es revisar los efectos adversos de las radiaciones ionizantes en el ser humano, analizar el principio de justificación y entregar recomendaciones para su aplicación en la práctica diaria odontológica, presentando guías clínicas actuales.  Revisión: Para cumplir con el principio de justificación, la elección de cada examen radiográfico debe realizarse responsablemente, basándose en las necesidades individuales de cada paciente. Este proceso debe realizarse conjuntamente entre clínico y radiólogo maxilofacial. A pesar de que existen numerosas guías para distintas especialidades odontológicas, desarrolladas por instituciones de diversas partes del mundo, son pocas las guías basadas en evidencia. Las guías aportan recomendaciones, con distintos niveles de evidencia, para el uso de exámenes radiográficos, permitiendo al clínico seleccionar el examen adecuado para cada paciente, contribuyendo a la disminución de exposiciones innecesarias.  Conclusiones: La comunicación entre clínico y radiólogo maxilofacial es fundamental para lograr el proceso de justificación, y por lo tanto, una reducción en las dosis de radiación a los pacientes. Además, es necesario el uso de guías clínicas para correcta selección del examen radiográfico. Se requiere más investigación que justifique el uso de nuevas tecnologías imagenológicas en indicaciones específicas y permitan elaborar guías clínicas basadas en evidencia.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction: Dental radiographic examinations use ionizing radiation, which can have adverse health effects in patients and workers occupationally exposed to radiation. Radiological protection seeks to ensure that justification for exposure to ionizing radiation is adequate, so that the patient has a greater benefit than risk. The aim of this article is to review the adverse effects of radiation on humans, to analyze the principle of justification and to provide recommendations for its application in daily dental practice, presenting current clinical guidelines.  Review: In order to comply with the principle of justification, the choice of each radiographic examination must be made in a responsible manner, based on the individual needs of each patient. This process should be performed jointly between the clinician and the maxillofacial radiologist. Although there are numerous guidelines for different dental specialties, developed by institutions from different parts of the world, few of them are evidence-based guidelines. Guidelines provide recommendations, with different levels of evidence, for the use of radiographic examination, allowing the clinician to select the appropriate exam for each patient, contributing to the reduction of unnecessary exposures.  Conclusions: Communication between clinician and maxillofacial radiologist is essential to achieve the justification process, and therefore a reduction in radiation doses to patients. In addition, the use of clinical guidelines is necessary for a correct choice of the radiographic examination. More research is needed to justify the use of new imaging technologies in specific indications, to develop clinical evidence-based guidelines.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Protección radiológica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[radiología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[radiografía dental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tomografía computarizada de haz cónico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[guías]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Radiation protection]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[radiology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dental radiography]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cone-beam computed tomography]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[guidelines]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
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<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use of cone beam CT in children and young people in three United Kingdom dental hospitals]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Paediatr Dent]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>336-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
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</article>
