<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0213-1285</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Avances en Odontoestomatología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Av Odontoestomatol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0213-1285</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Avances, S.L.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0213-12852023000100003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Etiología, fisiopatología y tratamiento de la periodontitis apical. Revisión de la literatura]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Etiology, pathophysiology and treatment of apical periodontitis. Literature review]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rufasto-Goche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KS]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vigo-Ayasta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ER]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lizarbe-Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MV]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal Facultad de Odontología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lima ]]></addr-line>
<country>Perú</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal Escuela Profesional de Posgrado ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lima ]]></addr-line>
<country>Perú</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Ministerio de Salud Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Prevención y Control de Enfermedades ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lima ]]></addr-line>
<country>Perú</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,The Open College  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Dublín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Irlanda</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>9</fpage>
<lpage>16</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0213-12852023000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0213-12852023000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0213-12852023000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La periodontitis apical (PA) es una inflamación y destrucción de los tejidos periapicales comúnmente causada por bacterias como resultado de caries o traumatismos dentales. Aunque los mecanismos de defensa del huésped están activados, la acción bacteriana provoca la destrucción apical. Se ha identificado la microbiota relacionada con esta patología en el interior del conducto radicular. Enterococcus faecalis es un coco grampositivo presente en casos clínicos persistentes de PA. Un tratamiento de conducto puede eliminar los agentes infecciosos. Sin embargo, si la PA persiste, se puede considerar un retratamiento del conducto radicular o una apicectomía. Aunque el diagnóstico definitivo de PA se logra mediante un examen histopatológico, los estudios de investigación confirman que es más probable que la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico detecte PA que la radiografía periapical (RP). El objetivo de esta revisión de la literatura es describir la etiología, índice periapical, clasificación de la periodontitis apical: aguda y crónica, así como pruebas diagnósticas adicionales y alternativas de tratamiento para su abordaje clínico.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Apical Periodontitis (AP) is an inflammation and destruction of the periapical tissues commonly caused by bacteria as a result of dental caries or trauma. Although the host's defense mechanisms are activated, the bacterial action causes apical destruction. The microbiota related to this pathology has been identified inside the root canal of teeth. Enterococcus faecalis is a gram-positive cocci present in persistent clinical cases of AP. A root canal treatment can eliminate the infectious agents. However, if AP persists, a root canal retreatment or an apicoectomy can be considered. Although the definitive diagnosis of AP is achieved by histopathological examination, research studies confirm that cone beam computed tomography is more likely to detect AP than periapical radiography (RP). The objective of this literature review is to describe the etiology, periapical index, apical periodontitis classification: acute and chronic, as well as additional diagnostic test and treatment alternatives for its clinical approach.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[periodontitis apical]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[microbiota apical]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[lesión osteolítica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[índice periapical]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Apical periodontitis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[apical microbiota]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[osteolytic lesion]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[periapical index]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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