<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0213-1285</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Avances en Odontoestomatología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Av Odontoestomatol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0213-1285</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Avances, S.L.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0213-12852024000300005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Fracaso de implantes y pérdida ósea marginal periimplantaria en pacientes fumadores. Estudio de casos y controles]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Implant failure and peri-implant marginal bone loss in smoking patients. A case-control study]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dumanova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Egido Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torrejón Moya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parra Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Navarro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Barcelona Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud Departamento de Odontostomatologia]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>spe</numero>
<fpage>126</fpage>
<lpage>137</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0213-12852024000300005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0213-12852024000300005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0213-12852024000300005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción: El impacto del tabaquismo en el fracaso de los implantes dentales ha sido un tema de discusión constante durante la última década. La pérdida ósea marginal (MBL) es un indicador del estado de salud de los implantes y su aumento es uno de los factores de riesgo para el fracaso del implante.  Objetivos: El objetivo principal de este estudio es comparar la pérdida ósea marginal periimplantaria en pacientes fumadores y no-fumadores rehabilitados con implantes dentales en el Hospital Odontológico Universidad de Barcelona (HOUB).  Métodos: Se ha analizado la MBL en 36 pacientes de 20 a 80 años de edad. La muestra se dividió en: Grupo I (fumadores, n =20) y Grupo II (no fumadores, n = 16). Sus hábitos tabáquicos se registraron en un cuestionario. La medición de la MBL ha sido realizada por 3 investigadores con diferente grado de experiencia.  Resultados: Se realizó el cálculo de la MBL de 36 implantes comparando las radiografías antiguas y actualizadas. La media de MBL calculada en un año de seguimiento, presentó diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre fumadores y no fumadores con -0,17 y -0,04 mm/año, respectivamente (p&lt;0,05).  Discusión: Es evidente a partir de la bibliografía publicada que los fumadores tienen mayores tasas de fracaso y complicaciones después de colocación de implantes dentales. Sin embargo, se desconoce el mecanismo por el cual el tabaco afecta la pérdida de hueso marginal y la supervivencia de los implantes.  Conslusiones: La pérdida ósea marginal periimplantaria es mayor en pacientes fumadores que en pacientes no-fumadores.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Background: The impact of smoking on dental implant failure has been a constant topic of discussion for the past decade. Marginal bone loss (MBL) is an indicator of the health status of implants and its increase is one of the risk factors for implant failure.  Aims: The main objective of this study is to compare the peri-implant marginal bone loss between smoking and non-smoking patients rehabilitated with dental implants at the University of Barcelona Dental Hospital (HOUB).  Methods: MBL has been analyzed in 36 patients aged 20 to 80 years. The sample was divided into: Group I (smokers, n = 20) and Group II (non-smokers, n = 16). Their smoking habits were recorded in a questionnaire. The measurement of the MBL has been carried out by 3 researchers with different degrees of experience.  Results: The calculation of the MBL of 36 implants was made by comparing the old radiographs and updated ones. The mean MBL calculated in one year of follow-up presented statistically significant differences between smokers and non-smokers with a -0.17 and -0.04 mm/year, respectively (p&lt;0.05).  Discussion: It is evident from the published literature that smokers have higher rates of failure and complications after dental implant placement. However, the mechanism by which smoking affects marginal bone loss and implant survival is unknown.  Conclusions: Peri-implant marginal bone loss is greater in smoking patients than in non-smoking patients.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Implantes dentales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Pérdida de hueso marginal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Fracaso de implantes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ortopantomografía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Radiografía periapical]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Dental Implant]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Marginal Bone Loss]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Dental Implant Failure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Smoking Habit]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Orthopantomography (OPG)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Periapical radiography]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bravo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almerich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Canorea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Encuesta de Salud Oral en España 2020]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Col Odont Esp]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nasreen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bandgar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhowmick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vatsa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Priyadarshni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparative Evaluation of Marginal Bone Loss and Implant Failure Rate in Smokers and Nonsmokers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Pharm Bioallied Sci]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>S203-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaviria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salcido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Current trends in dental implants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<page-range>50-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dental Implants 2023 Aug 8]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[StatPearls]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Treasure Island (FL) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[StatPearls Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naseri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yaghini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feizi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Levels of smoking and dental implants failure:A systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Periodontol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<page-range>518-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Misch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sammartino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Implant success, survival, and failure:the International Congress of Oral Implantologists (ICOI) Pisa Consensus Conference]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Implant Dent]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>5-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tonetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pathogenesis of implant failures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Periodontol. 2000]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>127-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raikar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Talukdar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Panda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oommen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prasad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Factors Affecting the Survival Rate of Dental Implants:A Retrospective Study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Int Soc Prev Community Dent]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>351-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galindo-Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[León-Cano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortega-Oller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monje]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O Valle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Catena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Marginal bone loss as success criterion in implant dentistry:beyond 2 mm]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Oral Implants Res]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>e28-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanjay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rupal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Success Criteria For Dental Implant -A Literature Review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Recent Sci Res]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>32379-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linkevicius]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linkevicius]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gineviciute]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alkimavicius]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazeikiene]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The influence of new immediate tissue level abutment on crestal bone stability of subcrestally placed implants:A 1-year randomized controlled clinical trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Implant Dent Relat Res]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<page-range>259-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linkevicius]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Puisys]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linkevicius]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alkimavicius]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gineviciute]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linkeviciene]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The influence of submerged healing abutment or subcrestal implant placement on soft tissue thickness and crestal bone stability]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[A 2-year randomized clinical trial. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<page-range>497-506</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Ciurana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clementini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baglivo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paniagua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influence of subcrestal implant placement compared with equicrestal position on the peri-implant hard and soft tissues around platform-switched implants:a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Oral Investig]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<page-range>555-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tabaco]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[OMS]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[VillalbíJ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suelves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valverde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabezas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El control del tabaquismo en España:situación actual y prioridades]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Esp Salud Publica]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>93</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Encuesta Europea de Salud en España 2020]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[INE-MSCBS]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Javed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romanos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Dental Implants in Patients who Habitually Smoke Tobacco. Evidence-based Implant Dentistry and Systemic Conditions]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<edition>1</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Wiley-Blackwell]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Komar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glavina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verzak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[&#381;]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brailo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of Smoking on Oral Health:Knowledge and Attitudes of Croatian Dentists and Dental Students]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Stomatol Croat]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<page-range>148-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cockburn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kavanagh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gartner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Survey of dental clinic patients:smoking and preferences for cessation support]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aust Dent J]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<page-range>219-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DeLuca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Habsha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zarb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of smoking on osseointegrated dental implants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Part I:implant survival. Int J Prosthodont]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>491-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DeLuca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zarb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of smoking on osseointegrated dental implants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Part II:Peri-implant bone loss. Int J Prosthodont]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>560-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reddy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mhatre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bajaj]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gopinath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arvind]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparative evaluation of effect of smoking on survival of dental implant]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Int Oral Health]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>24-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nazeer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mouneshkumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhardwaj]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iqubal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dinesh]]></surname>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of marginal bone loss around dental implants in cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. A comparative study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Family Med Prim Care]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>729-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nitzan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mamlider]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schwartz-Arad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of smoking on marginal bone loss]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>605-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qiu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cigarette smoke extract exposure:Effects on the interactions between titanium surface and osteoblasts?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BioMed Res Int]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>1-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pathophysiology of tobacco use and wound healing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dent Implantol Update]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>1-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Takamiya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goiato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Filho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of smoking on the survival of dental implants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>158</volume>
<page-range>650-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Javed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rahman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romanos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tobacco-product usage as a risk factor for dental implants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Periodontol 2000]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>81</volume>
<page-range>48-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Badenes-Catalán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pallarés-Sabater]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influence of Smoking on Dental Implant Osseointegration:A Radiofrequency Analysis of 194 Implants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Oral Implantol]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<page-range>110-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nagao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fukuta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sugai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kawana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matsuo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence of early and late oral implant loss among smokers:a nationwide survey in Japan]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<page-range>1113-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keenan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Veitz-Keenan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The impact of smoking on failure rates, postoperative infection and marginal bone loss of dental implants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Evid Based Dent]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>4-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Devlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[How do different levels of smoking affect dental implants?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Evid Based Dent]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<page-range>28-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaffin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of smoking on achieving osseointegration of surface-modified implants:a clinical report]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>816-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wagenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Froum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A retrospective study of 1925 consecutively placed immediate implants from 1988 to 2004]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>71-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karoussis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salvi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heitz-Mayfield]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bragger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[553 Hammerle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Long-term implant prognosis in 554 patients with and without a history of chronic 555 periodontitis:a 10-year prospective cohort study of the ITI 556 Dental Implant System]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Oral Implants Res]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>329-39</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rocci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cooper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Bruyn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cosyn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A prospective cohort study on the impact of smoking on soft tissue alterations around single implants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Oral Implants Res]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>1086-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alfadda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Current Evidence on Dental Implants Outcomes in Smokers and Nonsmokers:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Oral Implantol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<page-range>390-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simons]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Smit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duyck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coucke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quirynen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The proportion of cancellous bone as predictive factor for early marginal bone loss around implants in the posterior part of the mandible]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Oral Implants Res]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>1051-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Von Elm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Altman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Egger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pocock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gøtzsche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vandenbroucke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Epidemiol]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<page-range>344-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alsaadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quirynen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Komárek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Steenberghe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of local and systemic factors on the incidence of late oral implant loss]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Oral Implants Res]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>670-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>41</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nitzan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mamlider]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schwartz-Arad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of smoking on marginal bone loss]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>605-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<label>42</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mumcu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beklen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of smoking on the marginal bone loss around implant-supported prostheses]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tob Induc Dis]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<label>43</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O'Leary]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Drake]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The plaque control record]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Periodontol]]></source>
<year>1972</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<page-range>38-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<label>44</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taboada-Aranza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerón Argüelles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Frecuencia y distribución de enfermedades periodontales asociadas a placa bacteriana en pacientes que acuden a una clínica universitaria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Asoc Dent Mex]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<page-range>147-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<label>45</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Filippi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brazzioli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tomasi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trombelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bleeding on probing around dental implants:a retrospective study of associated factors]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Periodontol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<page-range>115-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<label>46</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tecco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grusovin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sciara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pantaleo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Capparé]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The association between three attitude-related indexes of oral hygiene and secondary implant failures:A retrospective longitudinal study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Dent Hyg]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>372-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
