<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0213-9111</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Gaceta Sanitaria]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Gac Sanit]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0213-9111</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria (SESPAS)]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0213-91112022000100032</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.11.008</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Reflexiones sobre cómo evaluar y mejorar la respuesta a la pandemia de COVID-19]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Insight on how to assess and improve the response to the COVID-19 pandemic]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martín-Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José M]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alex]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bengoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borrell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carme]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Basteiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alberto L]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gestal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González López-Valcárcel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Beatriz]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Aguado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ildefonso]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Legido-Quigley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Helena]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[March]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joan Carles]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Minué]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sergio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muntaner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carles]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vives-Cases]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carmen]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universitat de València Facultad de Medicina e INCLIVA Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Valencia ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universitat Rovira i Virgili Departament d'Enginyeria Informàtica i Matemàtiques ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tarragona ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Salud y Estrategia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bilbao ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Alcalá Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud Grupo de Investigación en Epidemiología y Salud Pública]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Alcalá de Henares Madrid]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Baltimore Maryland]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af8">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universitat de Barcelona Hospital Clínic ISGlobal]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af9">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Maputo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mozambique</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A10">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Santiago de Compostela  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A11">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A12">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Miguel Hernández  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Elche ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A13">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Singapore London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Singapore</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A14">
<institution><![CDATA[,Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Granada ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A15">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Toronto Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute Center for Urban Health Solucions]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Canada</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A16">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Alicante  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>32</fpage>
<lpage>36</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0213-91112022000100032&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0213-91112022000100032&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0213-91112022000100032&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La pandemia de COVID-19ha afectado de manera particularmente intensa a España, pese a su nivel de desarrollo y la elogiada solidez de su Sistema Nacional de Salud. Para comprender qué ha pasado e identificar cómo mejorar la respuesta creemos imprescindible una evaluación independiente multidisciplinaria de la esfera sanitaria, política y socioeconómica. En este trabajo proponemos objetivos, principios, metodología y dimensiones a evaluar, además de esbozar el tipo de resultados y conclusiones esperadas. Nos inspiramos en los requerimientos formulados por el panel independiente de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y en las experiencias evaluativas en otros países, y detallamos la propuesta de aspectos multidimensionales que deben valorarse. La idea es comprender aspectos clave en los ámbitos estudiados y su margen de mejora en lo relativo a preparación, gobernanza, marco normativo, estructuras del Sistema Nacional de Salud (atención primaria, hospitalaria y de salud pública), sector de educación, esquemas de protección social, minimización del impacto económico, y marco y reformas en el ámbito laboral para una sociedad más resiliente. En definitiva, buscamos que este ejercicio sirva no solo para el presente, sino también para que en el futuro estemos mejor preparados y con más ágil capacidad de recuperación ante las amenazas pandémicas que puedan surgir.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has hit Spain particularly hard, despite being a country with a developed economy and being praised for the robustness of its national health system. In order to understand what happened and to identify how to improve the response, we believe that an independent multi-disciplinary evaluation of the health, political and socio-economic spheres is essential. In this piece we propose objectives, principles, methodology and dimensions to be evaluated, as well as outlining the type of results and conclusions expected. Inspired by the requirements formulated by the WHO Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response and by experiences in other countries, we detail the multidimensional aspects to be evaluated. The goal is to understand key aspects in the studied areas and their scope for improvement in terms of preparedness, governance, regulatory framework, national health system structures (primary care, hospital, and public health), education sector, social protection schemes, minimization of economic impact, and labour framework and reforms for a more resilient society. We seek to ensure that this exercise serves not only at present, but also that in the future we are better prepared and more agile in terms of our ability to recover from any pandemic threats that may arise.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Pandemia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Respuestas políticas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Evaluación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Prevención y control]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Investigación sobre servicios de salud]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Determinantes sociales de salud]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pandemic]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Policy responses]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Evaluation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Prevention and control]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Health services research]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Social determinants of health]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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