<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0376-7892</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Cirugía Plástica Ibero-Latinoamericana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cir. plást. iberolatinoam.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0376-7892</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Española de Cirugía Plástica, Reparadora y Estética (SECPRE)]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0376-78922017000400275</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4321/s0376-78922017000400009</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Síndrome del apex orbitario postraumático]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Orbital apex post-traumatic syndrome]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avellaneda-Oviedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mauricio E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pacheco-Compaña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Midón-Miguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gago-Vidal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bruno]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Porto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sara A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Complejo Universitario Hospitalario de La Coruña Servicio de Cirugía Plástica y Reparadora ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[La Coruña ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Complejo Universitario Hospitalario de La Coruña Servicio de Cirugía Plástica y Reparadora ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[La Coruña ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>275</fpage>
<lpage>284</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0376-78922017000400275&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0376-78922017000400275&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0376-78922017000400275&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción y Objetivo El síndrome del ápex orbitario (SAO) es un cuadro grave pero afortunadamente poco frecuente que implica un compromiso de la órbita con afectación del nervio óptico en el ápex. El diagnóstico suele ser difícil y el tratamiento complejo, debiendo incluir medidas de soporte y protección ocular, medicamentos endovenosos como diuréticos y/o corticoides, y en algunos casos llega a necesitar descompresión quirúrgica precoz. El pronóstico depende del tipo y complejidad de la lesión pero también de la precocidad con que se inicie el tratamiento médico o quirúrgico para evitar lesiones irreversibles de las estructuras intraorbitarias derivadas del aumento de la presión en el compartimento. Este trabajo pretende evaluar los casos de síndrome del ápex orbitario postraumático diagnosticados y tratados en nuestro centro hospitalario.  Material y Método Llevamos a cabo una revisión retrospectiva de las bases de datos. Describimos el diagnóstico clínico y por imagen, el tratamiento realizado, las diversas formas de evolución de los pacientes y las secuelas.  Resultados Encontramos y evaluamos un total de 3 casos registrados entre 2007 y 2013, con edades entre 28 y 72 años; 2 hombres y 1 mujer. El origen del síndrome fue un traumatismo de alta energía sobre la región orbitaria/malar de la cara en todos los casos. Un paciente no precisó tratamiento quirúrgico urgente y los otros 2 necesitaron tratamiento quirúrgico precoz. En 2 casos no se documentaron secuelas permanentes, sin embargo 1 desarrolló ceguera irreversible.  Conclusiones El SAO es una entidad proco frecuente relacionada con traumatismos faciales de alta energía. Su sospecha diagnóstica es indispensable para el enfoque adecuado del tratamiento y suele estar apoyada por medios radiológicos disponibles en cualquier hospital. El tratamiento debe ser precoz para evitar secuelas permanentes; debe incluir estabilización del paciente garantizando la permeabilidad de la vía aérea, corticoides a altas dosis, antibióticos profilácticos y cirugía de revisión de la órbita, que puede ser diagnóstico-terapéutica en casos de oftalmoplejia total con exoftalmos progresivo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background and Objective Orbital apex syndrome (OAS) is a serious and infrequent condition affecting the orbit with involvement of the optic nerve at the apex level. Diagnosis is often difficult and complex. Treatment includes supportive measures and eye protection, intravenous medications such as diuretics and/or corticosteroids and in some cases early surgical decompression is necessary. The prognosis will depend of the type and complexity of the lesion, but also on the precocity of medical or surgical treatment to avoid the irreversible damage of the intraorbital structures, derived from the increase of the pressure inside the compartment. This paper aims to retrospectively review the cases of post-traumatic orbital apex syndrome diagnosed and treated in our hospital.  Methods We conduct a retrospective review of our data base and describe the clinical and imaging diagnosis, the treatments performed, the different forms of evolution and the sequel of this syndrome.  Results Three cases were registered and evaluated between 2007 and 2013. The ages of the patients ranged from 28 to 72 years; 2 men and 1 woman. The origin of the syndrome was in all cases high energy trauma on the orbital/malar region of the face. One patient did not require urgent surgical treatment, but the other 2 cases required early surgical treatment. In 2 cases no permanent sequel was documented, however 1 of them remained with irreversible blindness.  Conclusions OAS is an infrequent entity related to high energy facial trauma. Diagnostic suspicion is essential for an adequate approach to treatment and is usually supported by radiological means available at any hospital. Treatment should be done early to avoid the permanent consequences. This should include stabilization of the patient ensuring airway permeability, highdose corticosteroids, prophylactic antibiotics and orbital revision surgery, which may be diagnostic-therapeutic in cases of total ophthalmoplegia with progressive exophthalmos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Órbita]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Traumatismo órbita]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Síndrome ápex orbitario]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Orbit]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Obit traumatism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Apex orbit syndrome]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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