Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Prognostic factors
Tumores neuroendocrinos de páncreas: factores pronósticos
Key words: Neuroendocrine tumors. Incidental. Pancreas. Prognosis.
Palabras clave: Páncreas. Neuroendocrinos. Incidental.
Dear Editor,
]]> We thank Modesto Varas et al. (1) for their opportune comments with regard to the oncologic outcomes of our series of patients undergoing surgery for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNET) (2). We agree with Varas et al. in relation to the increase in non-functional tumors (73%) and the incidental form of presentation (44%). These figures are in line with those presented in most series (3,4).The authors contrast overall survival (OS) at five years from our series of patients with their own series and that of Chheda. OS in our study in stages I, II and III (European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society; ENETS) was 90.5%, 100% and 100%, respectively. These figures are similar to those reported by the largest series (3,4).
Given the heterogeneity of PNETs, we believe that it is crucial to stage tumors according to one of the established systems, either ENETS or the American Joint Cancer Commission/International Union Against Cancer (AJCC/UICC) (5), together with the degree of differentiation as defined by the World health Organization (WHO) (5). We believe that generic terms such as "benign", "malign", "local" and "locally advanced" should be avoided as they make assessment of outcomes difficult.
In our series of 21 patients (26.5%) with liver metastases (stage IV), in ten cases these were resected (six with "curative" criteria, R0) and all were treated with cytostatics and therapies targeting the liver. In some non-randomized studies, resection of the primary tumor in the presence of liver metastases has been associated with increased survival (5).
Once again, we thank Varas et al. for their interesting comments which help to shed light on the diagnosis and treatment of PNETs.
Javier A. Cienfuegos, Fernando Rotellar and Miguel Ruiz-Canela
Department of General and Digestive Surgery.
Clínica Universidad de Navarra.
Pamplona, Navarra. Spain
References
1. Varas M, Cugat E, Capdevilla J. Tumores neuroendocrinos pancreáticos. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2017;109:480-1. [ Links ]
2. Cienfuegos JA, Rotellar F, Salguero J, et al. A single institution's 21-year experience with surgically resected pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: An analysis of survival and prognostic factor. Rev Esp Enferm Digest 2016;108:689-96. [ Links ]
3. Ellison TA, Wolfgang CL, Chanjuan S, et al. A single institution's 26-year experience with nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. A validation of current staging systems and a new prognostic nomogram. Ann Surg 2014,259:204-12. DOI: 10.1097/SLA. 0b013e31828f3174. [ Links ]
4. Birnbaum DJ, Turrini O, Ewald J, et al. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor: A multivariate analysis of factors influencing survival. Eur J Surg Oncol 2014;40:1564-71. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2014.06.004. [ Links ]
]]>5. Bergsland EK, Woltering EA, Rindi G, et al. Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas. In: American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). 8th ed. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. Chicago: Springer; 2017. p. 407-19. [ Links ]
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