<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1130-0558</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Española de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Esp Cirug Oral y Maxilofac]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1130-0558</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ Sociedad Española de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial y de Cabeza y Cuello]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1130-05582021000100028</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20986/recom.2021.1181/2020</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Luxación mandibular aguda: técnicas de reducción manual y secuencia de manejo en el servicio de urgencias]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Acute mandibular luxation: manual reduction techniques and management sequence in the emergency department]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Astorga Jélvez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paula]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garrido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno Apablaza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Emilio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de los Andes  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santiago ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Clínica UC San Carlos de Apoquindo Servicio de Urgencia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santiago ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Clínica Universidad de los Andes Departamento de Salud Pública y Epidemiología Servicio de Urgencia]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santiago ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital de Carabineros del General Humberto Arriagada Valdivieso Servicio de Urgencia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santiago ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>28</fpage>
<lpage>36</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1130-05582021000100028&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1130-05582021000100028&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1130-05582021000100028&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar una revisión actualizada sobre los métodos de reducción manual de la luxación mandibular aguda para proponer una secuencia de manejo en el servicio de urgencia.  Material y métodos:  La revisión incluyó estudios sobre técnicas manuales de reducción de luxaciones mandibulares agudas. La búsqueda se realizó en inglés y español en junio de 2020 e incluyó las bases de datos electrónicas PubMed y Scielo, complementada por referencias cruzadas. Se excluyeron artículos sobre tratamiento quirúrgico de luxaciones recidivantes, crónicas y luxaciones reducidas bajo anestesia general.  Resultados:  La búsqueda arrojó 334 resultados, finalmente 29 estudios fueron incluidos. A la fecha hay descritas 13 técnicas de reducción manual distintas al método convencional. El método convencional tiene una efectividad cercana al 86 %, el método de pivote de muñeca 96,7 % y el método extraoral es menos efectivo con un porcentaje de éxito entre 55,2 y 66,7 %. Se propone una secuencia de tratamiento incluyendo los aspectos más relevantes encontrados en la literatura.  Conclusión:  La mejor técnica de reducción manual es aquella que entrega mayor comodidad al profesional, produce menor dolor y se asocia a una mayor tasa de éxito. Faltan estudios que comparen distintas técnicas con un operador entrenado considerando variables del paciente, de la técnica y la comodidad para el operador. Es fundamental conocer las técnicas presentadas; esto permite utilizarlas en los casos donde otras técnicas fracasen, minimizando el uso de coadyuvantes y maniobras más complejas, como bloqueos regionales o anestesia general.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  The objective of the present study is to carry out an updated review on the methods of manual reduction of acute mandibular dislocation to propose a management sequence in the emergency department.  Material and methods:  The review included studies on manual techniques for reducing acute mandibular dislocations. The search was performed in Spanish and English in june 2020 and included the electronic databases PubMed and Scielo, complemented by cross-references. Articles on surgical treatment of recurrent, chronic and reduced dislocations under general anesthesia were excluded.  Results:  The search yielded 334 results, finally 29 studies were included. To date, 13 manual reduction techniques different from the conventional method have been described. The effectiveness of the conventional method is close to 86 %, the wrist pivot method 96.7 % and the extraoral method is less effective with a success rate between 55.2 and 66.7 %. A treatment sequence is proposed including the most relevant aspects found in the literature.  Conclusion:  The best manual reduction technique is one that provides greater comfort to the professional, produces less pain and is associated with a higher success rate. Studies comparing different techniques with a trained operator are lacking considering patient, technique and operator comfort variables. It is essential to know the techniques presented, this allows them to be used in cases where other techniques fail, minimizing the use of adjuvants and more complex maneuvers, such as regional blocks or general anesthesia.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Luxación de la articulación temporomandibular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[luxación de la ATM]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[luxación mandibular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Temporomandibular joint luxation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[TMJ luxation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mandibular luxation]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harrigan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ufberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vilke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mandibular Reduction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>435-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akinbami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BO]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of the mechanism and principles of management of temporomandibular joint dislocation Systematic review of literature and a proposed new classification of temporomandibular joint dislocation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Head Face Med]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A safe and effective way for reduction of temporomandibular joint dislocation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Plast Surg]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>105-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prechel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ottl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahlers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[OM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The treatment of temporomandibular joint dislocation - A systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dtsch Arztebl Int]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>115</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>59-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hillam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Isom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mandible Dislocation]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Treasure Island (FL) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[StatPearls Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abrahamsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eriksson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abrahamsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Häggman-Henrikson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Treatment of temporomandibular joint luxation: a systematic literature review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Oral Investig]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>61-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lowery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beeson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The wrist pivot method, a novel technique for temporomandibular joint reduction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>167-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Forshaw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reduction of temporomandibular joint dislocation: An ancient technique that has stood the test of time]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br Dent J]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>218</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>691-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomaidis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsoucalas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fiska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Hippocratic Method for the Reduction of the Mandibular Dislocation, an Ancient Greek Procedure Still in Use in Maxillofacial Surgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Med Acad]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>139-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stakesby Lewisg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A simple technique for reduction of long-standing dislocation of the mandible]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Oral Surg]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>52-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Awang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A new approach to the reduction of acute dislocation of the temporomandibular joint: A report of three cases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>244-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luyk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The diagnosis and treatment of the dislocated mandible]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>329-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TAT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A case series of closed reduction for acute temporomandibular joint dislocation by a new approach]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>72-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliphant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Key]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dawson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bilateral temporomandibular joint dislocation following pulmonary function testing: A case report and review of closed reduction techniques]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Emerg Med J]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>435-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ardehali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kouhi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meighani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Emami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Temporomandibular joint dislocation reduction technique: A new external method vs. the traditional]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Plast Surg]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>176-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Unified Hands Technique for Mandibular Dislocation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>366-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osawa Gutierrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grossmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grossmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anterior dislocation of head of mandible: diagnosis and treatment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Dor São Paulo]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>64-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yabe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsuda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hirose]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ozawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kawai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Treatment of acute temporomandibular joint dislocation using manipulation technique for disk displacement]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Craniofac Surg]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>596-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Terai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kasuya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakagawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ueno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The use of only one hand for the reduction of a temporomandibular joint dislocation: A technique suitable for self-reduction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>663-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noguchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kanao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gommori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Extraoral autoreduction of temporomandibular joint dislocation: A preliminary clinical study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>588-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heidari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The new technique for reduction of bilateral mandibular dislocation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>6757</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gorchynski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karabidian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The "syringe" technique: A hands-free approach for the reduction of acute nontraumatic temporomandibular dislocations in the emergency department]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>676-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chhabra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chhabra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Recurrent Mandibular Dislocation in Geriatric Patients: Treatment and Prevention by a Simple and Non-invasive Technique]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Maxillofac Oral Surg]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>^s1</numero>
<issue>^s1</issue>
<supplement>1</supplement>
<page-range>231</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yesilolu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarici]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sirinolu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Temiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Güvercin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Filinte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The lever technique for the external reduction of temporomandibular joint dislocation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>123-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pandey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Temporomandibular joint dislocation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Natl J Maxillofac Surg]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liddell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>125-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Somar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lv]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The supine position technique method is better than the conventional method for manual reduction of acute nontraumatic temporomandibular joint dislocation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Craniofac Surg]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>919-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ardehali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bastaninejad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amirizad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of different approaches to the reduction of anterior temporomandibular joint dislocation: a randomized clinical trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1009-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[White]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hedderick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramponi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dislocation of the Temporomandibular Joint and Relocation Procedures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Adv Emerg Nurs J]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>177-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Refractory Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation - Reduction Using the Wrist Pivot Method]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>380-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stolbizer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saiegh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anterior dislocation of the temporomandibular joint: a simplified non-traumatic manual technique]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Man Manip Ther]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>246-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lv]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical Trial of Manual Reduction of Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation after Inhalation of Nitrous Oxide]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Craniofac Surg]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>2549-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hebard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ITMJ reduction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>151</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1086-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hsiung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suresh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Closed reduction of a temporomandibular joint dislocation: Is this possible with regional anesthesia?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Paediatr Anaesth]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1269-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woodall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Padaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siddiqui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bayoumi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The use of intraoral local anaesthetic to aid reduction of acute temporomandibular joint dislocation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>120</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>152-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Young]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SYP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use of masseteric and deep temporal nerve blocks for reduction of mandibular dislocation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Prog]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>9-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ugboko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oginni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ajike]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olasoji]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adebayo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ETA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A survey of temporomandibular joint dislocation: aetiology, demographics, risk factors and management in 96 Nigerian cases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>499-502</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaisani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pradhan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sagtani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use of Cervical Collar in Temporomandibular Dislocation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Maxillofac Oral Surg]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>470-1</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
