<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1130-0558</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Española de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Esp Cirug Oral y Maxilofac]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1130-0558</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ Sociedad Española de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial y de Cabeza y Cuello]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1130-05582023000300004</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20986/recom.2023.1475/2023</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Unravelling the genetic and epigenetic symphony: a narrative review exploring the interplay in etiology of microtia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Desentrañando la sinfonía genética y epigenética: una revisión narrativa sobre la interacción en la etiología de la microtia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koento]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Trimartani]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hediyati-Reksodiputro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mirta]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yosia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mikhael]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universitas Indonesia Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital Faculty of Medicine]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Jakarta ]]></addr-line>
<country>Indonesia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>121</fpage>
<lpage>127</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1130-05582023000300004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1130-05582023000300004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1130-05582023000300004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Microtia, a congenital anomaly of the external ear, serves as a model to explore the intricate synergy between genetics and epigenetics in shaping phenotypic outcomes. Genetics, residing in DNA, provides the blueprint for development, while epigenetic modifications modulate gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. This comprehensive review delves into their combined influence on microtia's etiology, unravelling the significance of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs in ear formation and their susceptibility to environmental cues. Genetic investigations encompass pedigree analysis and whole-exome sequencing, spotlighting pivotal genes like HOXA4 and CHST15. Syndromic associations underscore the multifaceted genetic underpinning of microtia. This dynamic interplay between genetics and epigenetics enriches our understanding of developmental anomalies, offering insights for tailored interventions and clinical strategies to manage this condition in a personalized manner. The continuous exploration of these interactions opens avenues for deciphering intricate developmental processes and expanding our comprehension of related anomalies.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La microtia, una anomalía congénita del oído externo, sirve como modelo para explorar la compleja sinergia entre la genética y la epigenética en la determinación de resultados fenotípicos. La genética, que reside en el ADN, proporciona el plano para el desarrollo, mientras que las modificaciones epigenéticas modulan la expresión génica sin alterar la secuencia del ADN. Esta revisión exhaustiva se adentra en su influencia combinada sobre la etiología de la microtia, desentrañando la importancia de la metilación del ADN, las modificaciones de las histonas y los microARNs en la formación del oído y su susceptibilidad a las señales ambientales. Las investigaciones genéticas incluyen análisis de pedigrí y secuenciación del exoma completo, destacando genes esenciales como HOXA4 y CHST15. Las asociaciones sindrómicas subrayan la base genética multifacética de la microtia. Esta interacción dinámica entre la genética y la epigenética enriquece nuestro entendimiento de las anomalías del desarrollo, ofreciendo perspectivas para intervenciones a medida y estrategias clínicas para manejar esta condición de manera personalizada. La continua exploración de estas interacciones abre caminos para descifrar procesos de desarrollo complejos y expandir nuestra comprensión de anomalías relacionadas.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Microtia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[epigenetic]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[genetic]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[HOXA4]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[CHST15]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Microtia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[epigenético]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[genético]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[HOXA4]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[CHST15]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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