<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1130-1473</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Neurocirugía]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Neurocirugía]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1130-1473</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Española de Neurocirugía]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1130-14732007000600006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Tumor fibroso solitario meníngeo: descripción de tres casos y revisión de la literatura]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Solitary fibrous tumors of the meninges: report of three cases and literature review]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saceda-Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Isla-Guerrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortega-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez de la Riva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gandia-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez-Molina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rey-Herranz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario La Paz Servicio de Neurocirugía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario La Paz Servicio de Anatomía Patológica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario La Paz Servicio de Biología Molecular ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<fpage>496</fpage>
<lpage>504</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1130-14732007000600006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1130-14732007000600006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1130-14732007000600006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Presentamos 3 pacientes con tumor fibroso solitario de localización meníngea donde describimos el estudio histológico, así como la evolución después del tratamiento quirúrgico. Los pacientes descritos tenían edades de 37, 52 y 65 años y tras la resección total no se ha objetivado signo de recidiva en ningún caso después de 4, 6 y 7 años de seguimiento respectivamente. Revisando la literatura se trata de un tumor indistinguible clínica y radiológicamente del meningioma típico, haciendo necesario el uso de pruebas inmunohistoquímicas para realizar el diagnóstico diferencial, donde la positividad para el CD34 y la negatividad para el EMA definen al tumor fibroso solitario. Se trata de un tumor benigno, en el que la resección total es el principal factor pronóstico; no obstante, se han descrito casos de recidivas locales y metástasis a distancia. Todas estas características las encontramos en los casos presentados en el presente trabajo, quedando la incertidumbre de su capacidad de recidiva local o sistémica en el futuro.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[We report 3 patients with fibrous solitary tumor of meningeal location where we described the histological study, as well as evolution after the surgical treatment. The described patients presented ages of 37, 52 and 65 years, after the resection has not appeared an objective sign of recurrence in any case after 4, 6 and 7 years of follow-up respectively. Checking the literature the tumor is indistinguishable clinical and radiolocally of the typical meningioma, doing necessary the use of inmunohistochemistry to do the differential diagnosis, where positiveness for CD34 and the negativeness for EMA define the fibrous solitary tumor. It is about a benign tumor, where total removing is the principal factor in prognosis, nevertheless there are cases of local recurrences and long-distance metastasis. We can find all these characteristics in the showed cases of the present article, having the uncertainty of its local or systemic relapse ability in the future.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Tumores de sistema nervioso central]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Tumores meníngeos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Tumor fibroso solitario]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Neoplasias células fusiformes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[CD34]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Central nervous system tumors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Meningeal tumors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Solitary fibrous tumor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Spindle cell neoplasm]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[CD34]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><B><font face="Verdana" size="4"><a name="top"></a>Tumor fibroso solitario men&iacute;ngeo: descripci&oacute;n de tres casos y revisi&oacute;n de la literatura</font></b></p>     <P><B><font face="Verdana" size="4">Solitary fibrous tumors of the meninges: report of three cases and literature review</font></B>    <P>&nbsp;    <P>&nbsp;    <P> <B><font face="Verdana" size="2">J.M. Saceda-Guti&eacute;rrez; A.J. Isla-Guerrero; C. P&eacute;rez-L&oacute;pez; R. Ortega-Mart&iacute;nez; A. G&oacute;mez de la Riva; M.L. Gandia-Gonz&aacute;lez; M. Guti&eacute;rrez-Molina<sup>*</sup> y J.A. Rey-Herranz<sup>**</sup></font></B>    <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Servicios Neurocirug&iacute;a, Anatom&iacute;a Patol&oacute;gica* y Biolog&iacute;a Molecular**. Hospital Universitario La Paz. Madrid.</font></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2"><a href="#bajo">Dirección para correspondencia</a></font></p>     <P>&nbsp;</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P>&nbsp;</p><hr size="1">     <P><B><font face="Verdana" size="2">RESUMEN</font></b></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Presentamos 3 pacientes con tumor fibroso solitario de localizaci&oacute;n men&iacute;ngea donde describimos el estudio histol&oacute;gico, as&iacute; como la evoluci&oacute;n despu&eacute;s del tratamiento quir&uacute;rgico. Los pacientes descritos ten&iacute;an edades de 37, 52 y 65 a&ntilde;os y tras la resecci&oacute;n total no se ha objetivado signo de recidiva en ning&uacute;n caso despu&eacute;s de 4, 6 y 7 a&ntilde;os de seguimiento respectivamente.    <BR>Revisando la literatura se trata de un tumor indistinguible cl&iacute;nica y radiol&oacute;gicamente del meningioma t&iacute;pico, haciendo necesario el uso de pruebas inmunohistoqu&iacute;micas para realizar el diagn&oacute;stico diferencial, donde la positividad para el CD34 y la negatividad para el EMA definen al tumor fibroso solitario. Se trata de un tumor benigno, en el que la resecci&oacute;n total es el principal factor pron&oacute;stico; no obstante, se han descrito casos de recidivas locales y met&aacute;stasis a distancia. Todas estas caracter&iacute;sticas las encontramos en los casos presentados en el presente trabajo, quedando la incertidumbre de su capacidad de recidiva local o sist&eacute;mica en el futuro.</font></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2"><B>Palabras clave:</B> Tumores de sistema nervioso central. Tumores men&iacute;ngeos. Tumor fibroso solitario. Neoplasias c&eacute;lulas fusiformes. CD34.</font></p> <hr size="1">     <P><B><font face="Verdana" size="2">SUMMARY</font></B></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">We report 3 patients with fibrous solitary tumor of meningeal location where we described the histological study, as well as evolution after the surgical treatment. The described patients presented ages of 37, 52 and 65 years, after the resection has not appeared an objective sign of recurrence in any case after 4, 6 and 7 years of follow-up respectively.    <BR>Checking the literature the tumor is indistinguishable clinical and radiolocally of the typical meningioma, doing necessary the use of inmunohistochemistry to do the differential diagnosis, where positiveness for CD34 and the negativeness for EMA define the fibrous solitary tumor. It is about a benign tumor, where total removing is the principal factor in prognosis, nevertheless there are cases of local recurrences and long-distance metastasis. We can find all these characteristics in the showed cases of the present article, having the uncertainty of its local or systemic relapse ability in the future.</font></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2"><B>Key words:</B> Central nervous system tumors. Meningeal tumors. Solitary fibrous tumor. Spindle cell neoplasm. CD34.</font></p>  <hr size="1">     <p>&nbsp;</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P><B><font face="Verdana">Introducci&oacute;n</font></b></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">El tumor fibroso solitario (TFS) es una neoplasia de origen mesenquimal constituida por c&eacute;lulas fusiformes<sup>29</sup>. Fue descrito por primera vez en 1931 por Klemperer y Rabin con una localizaci&oacute;n t&iacute;picamente pleural visceral<sup>18</sup>. Han sido descritos casos de localizaci&oacute;n extrapleural: pericardio, peritoneo, mediastino, pulm&oacute;n, h&iacute;gado, cavidad nasal, tiroides y meninges<sup>12,13,22,39,45</sup>.</font></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Han pasado 10 a&ntilde;os desde que en 1996, con la descripci&oacute;n por parte de Carneiro y cols.<sup>5</sup> de siete casos de TFS men&iacute;ngeo, se mostrara al tumor fibroso como una entidad propia que pod&iacute;a ser diferenciado por caracter&iacute;sticas histol&oacute;gicas e inmunohistoqu&iacute;micas del cl&aacute;sico meningioma fibroso.</font></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">La mayor&iacute;a de TFS tienen unas caracter&iacute;sticas histol&oacute;gicas benignas, pero se han descrito casos de recidivas locales e incluso un caso de met&aacute;stasis pulmonar tras un largo periodo de tiempo<sup>16,33</sup>. El diagn&oacute;stico se basa en el perfil inmunohistoqu&iacute;mico, siendo muy positivo para CD34, vimentina, bcl-2 y CD99, pero negativo para los marcadores EMA y S-100<sup>6</sup>.</font></p>     <P>&nbsp;</p>     <P><B><font face="Verdana">Material y m&eacute;todos</font></b></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Hemos hallado tres casos de TFS men&iacute;ngeo que fueron intervenidos quir&uacute;rgicamente en nuestro centro con una resecci&oacute;n total de la lesi&oacute;n. Todos ellos tuvieron un diagn&oacute;stico, previo a la confirmaci&oacute;n histol&oacute;gica, de posible meningioma. Macrosc&oacute;picamente todos ellos eran de consistencia s&oacute;lida, con una dura c&aacute;psula fibrosa y en algunos se pod&iacute;a apreciar alg&uacute;n foco hemorr&aacute;gico; microsc&oacute;picamente se les realiz&oacute; la bater&iacute;a de pruebas inmunohistoqu&iacute;micas con resultados positivos para CD34 y vimentina, y negativa para EMA.</font></p>     <P>&nbsp;</p>     <P><B><font face="Verdana">Casos</font></b></p>     <p><I><B><font face="Verdana" size="2">Caso I</font></B></I></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Mujer de 37 a&ntilde;os que refer&iacute;a cefalea a nivel frontal izquierdo de tres semanas de evoluci&oacute;n, de inicio brusco y no irradiada; adem&aacute;s acompa&ntilde;aba sensaci&oacute;n de acorchamiento, de tres d&iacute;as de evoluci&oacute;n, en hemilengua izquierda que se fue extendiendo a toda la hemicara ipsilateral. En la exploraci&oacute;n f&iacute;sica, se encontr&oacute; edema de papila bilateral e hipoestesia superficial en hemicara izquierda. El resto de la exploraci&oacute;n neurol&oacute;gica fue normal.</font></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">En la tomograf&iacute;a computarizada (TC) craneal se evidenci&oacute; una lesi&oacute;n extraaxial frontal izquierda con moderado efecto masa e importante edema acompa&ntilde;ante; los hallazgos en resonancia magn&eacute;tica (RM) mostraron un proceso expansivo en casi todo el l&oacute;bulo frontal que captaba contraste de forma importante; en secuencia T2 se confirm&oacute; la existencia de vasos intratumorales y un importante edema que produc&iacute;a herniaci&oacute;n subfalciana. (<a href="#f1">Figura 1</a>).</font></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">En la intervenci&oacute;n quir&uacute;rgica se realiz&oacute; una craneotom&iacute;a frontal izquierda con resecci&oacute;n completa de la p&eacute;trea tumoraci&oacute;n blanquecino-amarillenta y de la superficie dural a la que estaba adherida. La paciente evolucion&oacute; favorablemente, encontr&aacute;ndose actualmente asintom&aacute;tica y sin signos radiol&oacute;gicos de recidiva 4 a&ntilde;os despu&eacute;s. (<a href="#f1">Figura 1</a>, abajo derecha).</font></p>     <P>&nbsp;</p>     <P align="center"><font face="Verdana" size="2"><a name="f1"><img src="/img/revistas/neuro/v18n6/6_1.jpg" width="311" height="391"></a>    <br> Figura 1. <i>Im&aacute;genes de TC craneal y de RM craneal, mostrando una gran tumoraci&oacute;n      <br> frontal izquierda captadora de contraste con edema vasog&eacute;nico perilesional.    <br> </i>Figura 1 (abajo derecha). <i>RM control 4 a&ntilde;os despu&eacute;s de     <br> la intervenci&oacute;n quir&uacute;rgica, sin evidencia de recidiva tumoral.</i></font></p>     <P align="center">&nbsp;</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P><B><I><font face="Verdana" size="2">Caso 2</font></I></b></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Mujer de 52 a&ntilde;os, sin antecedentes de inter&eacute;s que desde hac&iacute;a dos meses presentaba cefalea holocraneal que ced&iacute;a parcialmente con analg&eacute;sicos. En la exploraci&oacute;n neurol&oacute;gica se apreci&oacute; &uacute;nicamente edema de papila bilateral.</font></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">En la TC se encontr&oacute; una tumoraci&oacute;n de gran tama&ntilde;o, que captaba contraste de forma homog&eacute;nea, implantada en el tercio medio del seno longitudinal; la RM mostr&oacute; una masa extraaxial de implantaci&oacute;n en la hoz y seno longitudinal. (<a href="#f2">Figura 2</a>, izquierda); en la arteriograf&iacute;a se observ&oacute; un bloqueo del seno longitudinal a nivel del tercio medio.</font></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">En la intervenci&oacute;n quir&uacute;rgica se realiz&oacute; una craneotom&iacute;a frontal izquierda con resecci&oacute;n total de la lesi&oacute;n y de la porci&oacute;n del seno longitudinal afectada. La paciente se encuentra asintom&aacute;tica 6 a&ntilde;os despu&eacute;s de la intervenci&oacute;n. (<a href="#f2">Figura 2</a>, derecha).</font></p>     <P align="center"><font face="Verdana" size="2"><a name="f2"><img src="/img/revistas/neuro/v18n6/6_2.jpg" width="314" height="175"></a></font>    <br> <font face="Verdana" size="2">Figura 2 (izquierda). Imagen de RM que mostraba una masa      <br> extraaxial de implantaci&oacute;n en la hoz captadora de contraste.     <br> Figura 2 (derecha). <i>RM control 6 a&ntilde;os despu&eacute;s de la intervenci&oacute;n quir&uacute;rgica</i></font></p>     <P>&nbsp;</p>     <P><B><I><font face="Verdana" size="2">Caso 3</font></I></b></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Var&oacute;n de 65 a&ntilde;os que desde hac&iacute;a varios meses presentaba cefalea con sensaci&oacute;n de calor en regi&oacute;n occipital. Este dolor se incrementaba con el movimiento cef&aacute;lico y era de car&aacute;cter continuo. En la exploraci&oacute;n no exist&iacute;a ning&uacute;n signo de focalidad neurol&oacute;gica.</font></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">La TC mostr&oacute; una lesi&oacute;n intracraneal expansiva compatible con meningioma supra e infratentorial izquierdo con signos de herniaci&oacute;n transtentorial ascendente; la RM objetiv&oacute; un proceso expansivo supra e infratentorial adherido a tentorio izquierdo (<a href="#f3">Figura 3</a>, izquierda) y en la angiograf&iacute;a cerebral se observ&oacute; trombosis del seno lateral izquierdo.</font></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">En la intervenci&oacute;n quir&uacute;rgica se practic&oacute; una craneotom&iacute;a occipital izquierda y de fosa posterior, extirp&aacute;ndose un voluminoso proceso expansivo, junto con parte de tentorio al que estaba adherido y del seno lateral, el cual estaba parcialmente trombosado. El paciente se encuentra asintom&aacute;tico 7 a&ntilde;os despu&eacute;s de la cirug&iacute;a. (<a href="#f3">Figura 3</a>, derecha)</font></p>     <P align="center"><font face="Verdana" size="2"><a name="f3"><img src="/img/revistas/neuro/v18n6/6_3.jpg" width="314" height="186"></a></font>    <br> <font face="Verdana" size="2">Figura 3 (izquierda). <i>Imagen de RM que mostraba un tumor tentorial     <br> izquierdo que capta contraste.</i> Figura 3 (derecha).     <br> <i>RM control 7 a&ntilde;os despu&eacute;s de la intervenci&oacute;n quir&uacute;rgica.</i></font></p>     <P>&nbsp;</p>     <P><B><font face="Verdana">Histopatolog&iacute;a</font></b></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">En las im&aacute;genes histol&oacute;gicas de los tres casos presentados pod&iacute;amos encontrar: proliferaci&oacute;n tumoral constituida por c&eacute;lulas fusiformes con n&uacute;cleo ovalado y citoplasma eosin&oacute;filo que tend&iacute;an a disponerse en fasc&iacute;culos (<a href="#f4">Figura 4 a</a>). No se observaron atipias ni mitosis. Se reconocieron fragmentos de tejido conjuntivo bien organizado que se interpreta de origen paquimen&iacute;ngeo. Las c&eacute;lulas tumorales expresaban positividad para CD34 (<a href="#f4">Figura 4 b</a>) con un &iacute;ndice de proliferaci&oacute;n, expresado con Ki-67, menor de un 5% (<a href="#f4">Figura 4 c</a>). Las c&eacute;lulas presentaban negatividad para EMA (<a href="#f4">Figura 4 d</a>), S-100 y prote&iacute;na gliofibrilar.</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P align="center"><font face="Verdana" size="2"><a name="f4"><img src="/img/revistas/neuro/v18n6/6_4.jpg" width="314" height="235"></a>    <br> Figura 4 <i>a. Tinci&oacute;n con Hematoxilina-Eosina, apreciando las c&eacute;lulas fusiformes caracter&iacute;sticas.    <br>Figura 4 b. Gran inmunorreactividad para CD34.     <br>Figura 4 c. Bajo &iacute;ndice proliferativo (&lt;5 %).    <br>Figura 4 d. Negatividad para el ant&iacute;geno epitelial de membrana.</i></font></p>     <P>&nbsp;</p>     <P><B><font face="Verdana">Discusi&oacute;n</font></b></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Desde la primera descripci&oacute;n por parte de Carneiro hasta la fecha, se han descrito, aproximadamente 50 casos de TFS con diversas localizaciones intracraneales<sup>12,13,22,39,45</sup>. Tambi&eacute;n se han encontrado 15 casos de TFS de localizaci&oacute;n espinal.</font></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">El diagn&oacute;stico se basa en pruebas inmunohistoqu&iacute;micas, ya que la cl&iacute;nica y la imagen radiol&oacute;gica, con TC y RM, mimifica la de un meningioma<sup>31</sup>; entre las pruebas histol&oacute;gicas, destacan la positividad muy marcada para CD34 (ant&iacute;geno descrito originariamente en c&eacute;lulas madre hematopoy&eacute;ticas) y la negatividad para EMA. Todos estos hallazgos orientan a su origen mesenquimal<sup>36</sup>.</font></p>     <p><B><I><font face="Verdana" size="2">Epidemiolog&iacute;a </font> </I></b></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P><font face="Verdana" size="2">En los casos de TFS descritos en la literatura, atendiendo a la distribuci&oacute;n por edad y sexo, existe un ligero predominio masculino en torno al final de la quinta d&eacute;cada. Si analizamos la zona anat&oacute;mica donde surge la lesi&oacute;n, se han descrito casos en pr&aacute;cticamente toda la superficie endocraneal, pero parece existir una predisposici&oacute;n por la fosa posterior y la zona frontal (<a href="#t1">tabla 1</a>). La mayor parte de los TFS intracraneales tienen un claro origen dural, no ocurriendo as&iacute; con la mayor&iacute;a de los TFS espinales.</font></p>     <P align="center"><font face="Verdana" size="2"><a name="t1"><img src="/img/revistas/neuro/v18n6/6_tabla_1a.jpg" width="502" height="664"></a></font></P>      <P align="center"><font face="Verdana" size="2"><img src="/img/revistas/neuro/v18n6/6_tabla_1b.jpg" width="501" height="723"></font></p>     <p><B><I><font face="Verdana" size="2">Estudios radiol&oacute;gicos</font></I></b></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">En la RM cerebral encontraremos una estructura bien definida con se&ntilde;al isodensa en T1 que capta homog&eacute;neamente gadolinio y se&ntilde;al hipodensa en T2, respecto al l&iacute;quido cefalorraqu&iacute;deo; en la secuencia Flair podemos encontrar se&ntilde;ales hipo e hiperintensas intralesionales que suelen corresponder con zonas ricas en col&aacute;geno o, como ocurre en nuestro primer caso, con vascularizaci&oacute;n intratumoral, as&iacute; como realce del edema perilesional (<a href="#f1">figura 1</a>). Tambi&eacute;n nos podemos encontrar zonas de engrosamiento dural y erosi&oacute;n de la tabla interna. Por lo tanto, no existe ning&uacute;n signo radiol&oacute;gico espec&iacute;fico de TFS que lo distinga del meningioma t&iacute;pico<sup>21,23</sup>.</font></p>     <p><B><I><font face="Verdana" size="2">Gen&eacute;tica </font> </I></b></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">En el an&aacute;lisis cromos&oacute;mico del tumor fibroso solitario men&iacute;ngeo se han escrito alteraciones como la p&eacute;rdida del cromosoma 3 y deleciones en la regi&oacute;n 3p21 p26. Otras p&eacute;rdidas descritas son deleci&oacute;n 4p15, 8q22q24, 10, 11q14q25, 20 y 21. Tambi&eacute;n se han encontrado ganancias en 18p11p13, 1p11p361 p13 y 20q11q13.</font></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Una peque&ntilde;a proporci&oacute;n de meningiomas presentaron cambios en el cromosoma 3, sobre todo 3p12, no existiendo evidencia de semejanza gen&eacute;tica entre meningioma y TFS.</font></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Si analizamos el estudio cromos&oacute;mico de tumor fibroso solitario no men&iacute;ngeo, se han encontrado anomal&iacute;as en el 50% de los casos, sobre todo p&eacute;rdida de cromosoma 13 y trisom&iacute;a 8, no pudiendo encontrar correlaci&oacute;n entre el cariotipo, histolog&iacute;a tumoral, localizaci&oacute;n o pron&oacute;stico<sup>2</sup>.</font></p>     <p><B><I><font face="Verdana" size="2">Histopatolog&iacute;a diferencial con meningioma y hemangiopericitoma </font> </I></b></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Debido a la similitud macrosc&oacute;pica del TFS con otros procesos de mayor prevalencia, casi todos los casos son diagnosticados a posteriori por estudio histol&oacute;gico.</font></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">La pieza clave para el diagn&oacute;stico son las pruebas inmunohistoqu&iacute;micas. El TFS es marcadamente positivo para vimentina y CD34 (glucoprote&iacute;na transmembrana que t&iacute;picamente se encuentra en c&eacute;lulas madre hematopoy&eacute;ticas); hay que tener en cuenta que el CD34 no es exclusivo de TFS, ya que de forma parcheada puede ser hallada en hemangiopericitoma (HPC), meningioma fibroso y neurofibroma (<a href="#t2">Tabla 2</a>). Otro componente importante para el diagn&oacute;stico de TFS es la reactividad positiva contra la prote&iacute;na antiapopt&oacute;tica bcl-2<sup>11,36</sup>. Recientemente se ha descrito la positividad para CD 117<sup>3</sup>.</font></p>     <P align="center"><font face="Verdana" size="2"><a name="t2"><img src="/img/revistas/neuro/v18n6/6_tabla_2.jpg" width="501" height="144"></a></font></p>     <P align="center">&nbsp;</p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Es importante conocer la negatividad del TFS para marcadores de cresta neural como son S-100, GFAP, EMA, ant&iacute;genos vasculares o citoqueratina.</font></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Todo ello es importante para distinguir los procesos que puedan requerir tratamiento postquir&uacute;rgico adyuvante, como radioterapia.</font></p>     <p><B><I><font face="Verdana" size="2">Malignizaci&oacute;n</font></I></b></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">El mayor n&uacute;mero de casos estudiados de tumor fibroso son de origen extracraneal, concretamente de origen pleural; en la gran mayor&iacute;a de &eacute;stos, los hallazgos histol&oacute;gicos orientan a un comportamiento benigno; no obstante, se han descrito signos de atipia: como hipercelularidad, pleomorfismo nuclear, aumento de mitosis y necrosis<sup>14</sup>. Estas caracter&iacute;sticas histol&oacute;gicas pueden correlacionarse con recurrencia local o diseminaci&oacute;n a distancia<sup>42</sup>; &eacute;sta &uacute;ltima afirmaci&oacute;n no es extrapolable al TFS men&iacute;ngeo.</font></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">En la literatura acerca de la agresividad biol&oacute;gica del TFS existen cuatro casos de recurrencia local<sup>15,27,17,34</sup>, uno de local, otro l&iacute;quido cefalorraqu&iacute;deo<sup>28</sup> y dos de extensi&oacute;n pulmonar<sup>20,33</sup>.</font></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Si queremos intentar predecir el comportamiento que va a tener el tumor, podemos establecer una serie de principios, basados en la experiencia de la literatura, como son: el &iacute;ndice mit&oacute;tico y la expresi&oacute;n de Ki-67 parecen aumentar paulatinamente conforme el tumor tiende a recidivar, siendo el tiempo entre las recurrencias cada vez menor. No parece existir ning&uacute;n signo histol&oacute;gico espec&iacute;fico que nos oriente acerca de la capacidad del tumor de recidivar localmente o a distancia, ya que, incluso en presencia de signos de malignidad, la evoluci&oacute;n es poco agresiva<sup>20</sup>.</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Las im&aacute;genes histol&oacute;gicas del HPC pueden ser confundidas con las del TFS con rasgos de malignidad; de hecho, se admite que peque&ntilde;os focos de HPC pueden aparecer en TFS, sugiriendo la posibilidad de ser ambos procesos variantes de la misma entidad<sup>30,44</sup>.</font></p>     <p><B><I><font face="Verdana" size="2">Pron&oacute;stico</font></I></b></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Tenemos en la literatura casos de TFS libre de recurrencia de m&aacute;s de 25 a&ntilde;os<sup>7</sup>, casos de recurrencia local a los 2 a&ntilde;os y medio<sup>3</sup> e incluso dos casos de diseminaci&oacute;n a distancia 20 a&ntilde;os despu&eacute;s del primer diagn&oacute;stico.</font></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Atendiendo al mayor tiempo de experiencia con el TFS pleural, se puede concluir que la resecci&oacute;n total es mejor &iacute;ndice predictor que el grado de malignidad histol&oacute;gica; como ocurre en nuestros tres casos, donde tras una completa eliminaci&oacute;n de la lesi&oacute;n los pacientes llevan cuatro, seis y siete a&ntilde;os libres de enfermedad. Por lo tanto, parece existir unanimidad en el manejo inicial y de las recidivas mediante extirpaci&oacute;n quir&uacute;rgica total. El papel de la radioterapia como tratamiento adyuvante es desconocido debido a la escasez de casos con atipias histol&oacute;gicas o de recidivas locales<sup>20</sup>.</font></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Nos encontramos ante una entidad ya bien establecida, pero sin un conocimiento certero de su comportamiento con los a&ntilde;os debido a que las recidivas descritas ocurren con demora de hasta varias d&eacute;cadas.</font></p>     <P>&nbsp;</p>     <P><B><font face="Verdana">Conclusi&oacute;n</font></b></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">En este art&iacute;culo aportamos tres nuevos casos de TFS a la literatura. Los hallazgos encontrados est&aacute;n en consonancia con los datos previamente conocidos desde que hace diez a&ntilde;os se hiciese la primera rese&ntilde;a bibliogr&aacute;fica de esta entidad patol&oacute;gica.</font></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Parece haber unanimidad en el hecho de que el tumor fibroso tiene un componente histol&oacute;gico benigno y si va acompa&ntilde;ado de una resecci&oacute;n quir&uacute;rgica completa el pron&oacute;stico es bueno; sin embargo, han sido descritos casos de recidiva local y menos frecuentemente a distancia, hecho que de producirse, ocurre casi siempre con una demora de hasta varias d&eacute;cadas.</font></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Todo esto sirve para confirmar la existencia de un nuevo tipo histol&oacute;gico de tumor. Aunque ya se hayan descrito cerca de cincuenta casos, a&uacute;n queda mucho por detallar acerca de la biolog&iacute;a tumoral, por lo que es necesario hacer revisiones de los casos publicados en la literatura y ver su comportamiento con los a&ntilde;os.</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P>&nbsp;</p>     <P><B><font face="Verdana">Bibliograf&iacute;a</font></b></p>     <!-- ref --><P><font face="Verdana" size="2">1. Ahn, J.Y., Shim, J.Y., Yang, W.I.Y., Kim, T.S.: Meningeal solitary fibrous tumor as an unusual cause of exophthalmos. Case report and review of the literature. Neurosurgery 2001; 48: 1362-1366.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=3351676&pid=S1130-1473200700060000600001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p><font face="Verdana" size="2">2. Andrew, J.M., Summersgill, B.M., Fisher, C., Shipley, J.M., Dean, A.F.: Chromosomal imbalances in meningeal solitary fibrous tumors. Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics 2002; 135: 160-164.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=3351677&pid=S1130-1473200700060000600002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p><font face="Verdana" size="2">3. Bikmaz, K., Cosar, M., Kurtkaya-Yapicier, O., Iplikcioglu, A.C., Gokduman, C.A.: Recurrent solitary fibrous tumour in the cerebellopontine angle. J Clin Neurosci. 2005 Sep; 12: 829-832.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=3351678&pid=S1130-1473200700060000600003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p><font face="Verdana" size="2">4. Brunnemann, R.B., Ro, J.Y., Ordonez, N.G., Mooney, J., El-Naggar, A.K., Ayala, A.G.: Extrapleural solitary fibrous tumour: a clinicopathologic study of 24 cases. Mod Pathol 1999; 12: 1034-1042.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=3351679&pid=S1130-1473200700060000600004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p><font face="Verdana" size="2">5. Carneiro, S.S., Scheithauer, B.W., Nascimento, A.G., Hirose, T.N., Davis, T.H.: Solitary fibrous tumor of the meninges: a lesion distinct from fibrous meningioma. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study. Am J Clin Pathol 1996; 106: 217-224.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=3351680&pid=S1130-1473200700060000600005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p><font face="Verdana" size="2">6. Carneiro, S.S., Scheithauer, B.W., Nascimento, A.G., Hirose, T., Davis, D.H.: Solitary fibrous tumor of the meninges: a lesion distinct from fibrous meningioma. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study. Am J Clin PathoI1996; 106: 217-224.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=3351681&pid=S1130-1473200700060000600006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p><font face="Verdana" size="2">7. Carneiro, S.S., Scheithauer, B.W., Nascimento, A.G., Hirose, T., Davis, D.H.: Solitary fibrous tumor of the meninges: a lesion distinct from fibrous meningioma. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study. Am J Clin Pathol 1996; 106:217-224.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=3351682&pid=S1130-1473200700060000600007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p><font face="Verdana" size="2">8. Carola, E., Salvati, M., Ramundo Orlando, E., Lenzi, J., Santero, A., Giangaspero, F.: Solitary fibrous tumors of the meninges. Report of four cases and literature review. Neurosurg Rev 2004; 27: 246-251.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=3351683&pid=S1130-1473200700060000600008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p><font face="Verdana" size="2">9. Centeno, R.S., Gorgulho Pedroso, A.A., Pereira, E.M., Neta, A.R.: Tumor fibroso solitario da meninge. Relato de Caso Arq. Neuro-Psyquiatr 2002; 60: 1-8.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=3351684&pid=S1130-1473200700060000600009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p><font face="Verdana" size="2">10. Challa, V.R., Kilpatrick, S.E., Ricci, P., Wilson, J.A., Kelly, D.L.: Solitary fibrous tumor of the meninges. Clin Neuropathol 1998; 17: 73-78.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=3351685&pid=S1130-1473200700060000600010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p><font face="Verdana" size="2">11. Chaubal, A., Paetau, A., Zoltick, P., Miettinen, M.: CD34 inmunoreactivity in nervous system tumors. Acta Neuropathol 1994; 88: 454-458.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=3351686&pid=S1130-1473200700060000600011&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p><font face="Verdana" size="2">12. Dorfman, D.M., To, K., Dickersin, G.R., Rosenberg, A.E., Pilch, B.Z.: Solitary fibrous tumor of the orbit. Am J Surg Pathol 1994; 18: 281-287.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=3351687&pid=S1130-1473200700060000600012&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p><font face="Verdana" size="2">13. El-Naggar, A.K., Ro, J.Y., Ayala, A.G., Ward, R., Ordonez, N.G.: Localized fibrous tumor of the serosal cavities. Am J Clin Pathol 92: 561-565     &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=3351688&pid=S1130-1473200700060000600013&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref -->Nascimiento AG: solitary fibrous tumor. 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<body><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2"><b><a href="#top"> <img border="0" src="/img/revistas/neuro/v18n6/seta.gif" width="15" height="17"></a> <a name="bajo"></a> Dirección para correspondencia:</b>    <BR>J. M. Saceda Guti&eacute;rrez.    <BR>Servicio de Neurocirug&iacute;a.    <BR>2º planta Hospital General La Paz.    <BR>Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid.</font></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Recibido: 2-01-07.    <BR>Aceptado: 10-04-07</font></p>     <P><font face="Verdana" size="2"><U><I>Abreviaturas</I></U><I>. EMA: ant&iacute;geno epitelial de membrana. HPC: hemangiopericitoma. TC: tomograf&iacute;a computarizada. TFS: tumor fibroso solitario. RM: resonancia magn&eacute;tica.</I></font></p>      ]]></body><back>
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