<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1130-5274</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Clínica y Salud]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Clínica y Salud]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1130-5274</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio Oficial de la Psicología de Madrid]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1130-52742016000200002</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.clysa.2016.03.001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El papel del mindfulness y el descentramiento en la sintomatología depresiva y ansiosa]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The role of mindfulness and decentering in depressive and anxious symptoms]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leticia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estévez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joaquim]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cebolla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ausiàs]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Deusto  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bilbao ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Valencia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Valencia ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>51</fpage>
<lpage>56</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1130-52742016000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1130-52742016000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1130-52742016000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Los síntomas depresivos y ansiosos tienen un claro impacto en el funcionamiento de las personas. Su aparición parece tener relación con la presencia de déficits en las capacidades metacognitivas. El entrenamiento en atención plena aumenta el insight metacognitivo a través de la capacidad de descentramiento. Por ello el objetivo de este estudio ha sido evaluar la relación entre la atención plena y el descentramiento con la sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva respectivamente. La muestra de este estudio está compuesta por 465 participantes y el contacto con ella se estableció a través de universidades y redes sociales. Los resultados revelaron que tanto la atención plena como la capacidad de descentramiento explican la presencia de sintomatología depresiva mientras que sólo la atención plena explica la presencia de sintomatología ansiosa. Estos resultados son alentadores para la intervención en atención plena con sintomatología ansiosa y/o depresiva y señalan la importancia de procesos metacognitivos, como el descentramiento, en su desarrollo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Depressive and anxious symptoms have a clear impact on the functioning of people. Their appearance seems to be related to the presence of deficits in metacognitive capacities. Mindfulness interventions increase metacognitive awareness through their effect in the decentering capacity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between mindfulness and decentering with anxious and depressive symptomatology respectively. The sample consisted of 465 participants contacted through universities and social networks. Results revealed that both mindfulness and the ability to decenter explain the presence of depressive symptoms while only mindfulness explains the presence of anxiety symptoms. These results are encouraging for intervention in mindfulness with anxious and depressive symptoms and stress the importance of metacognitive processes such as decentering in their development.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Mindfulness]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Depresión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ansiedad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Descentramiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Metacognición]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mindfulness]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Depression]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Anxiety]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Decentering]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Metacognition]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p><a name="top"></a>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="4"><b>El papel del <i>mindfulness</i> y el descentramiento en la sintomatolog&iacute;a depresiva y ansiosa</b></font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="4"><b>The role of mindfulness and decentering in depressive and anxious symptoms</b></font></p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2"><b>Leticia Linares<sup>a</sup>, Ana Est&eacute;vez<sup>a</sup>, Joaquim Soler<sup>b</sup> y Ausi&agrave;s Cebolla<sup>c</sup></b></font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2"><sup>a</sup> Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, Espa&ntilde;a    <br><sup>b</sup> Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Espa&ntilde;a    <br><sup>c</sup> Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Espa&ntilde;a</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p><font face="Verdana" size="2">Agradecimiento de Ausi&agrave;s Cebolla y Joaquim Soler: PROMOSAM: Investigaci&oacute;n en procesos, mecanismos y tratamientos psicol&oacute;gicos para la promoci&oacute;n de la salud mental (Red de Excelencia PSI2014-56303-REDT) fondos del Ministerio de Econom&iacute;a y Competitividad.</font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2"><a href="#bajo">Direcci&oacute;n para correspondencia</a></font></p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p> <hr size="1">     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2"><b>RESUMEN</b></font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2">Los s&iacute;ntomas depresivos y ansiosos tienen un claro impacto en el funcionamiento de las personas. Su aparici&oacute;n parece tener relaci&oacute;n con la presencia de d&eacute;ficits en las capacidades metacognitivas. El entrenamiento en atenci&oacute;n plena aumenta el <i>insight</i> metacognitivo a trav&eacute;s de la capacidad de descentramiento. Por ello el objetivo de este estudio ha sido evaluar la relaci&oacute;n entre la atenci&oacute;n plena y el descentramiento con la sintomatolog&iacute;a ansiosa y depresiva respectivamente. La muestra de este estudio est&aacute; compuesta por 465 participantes y el contacto con ella se estableci&oacute; a trav&eacute;s de universidades y redes sociales. Los resultados revelaron que tanto la atenci&oacute;n plena como la capacidad de descentramiento explican la presencia de sintomatolog&iacute;a depresiva mientras que s&oacute;lo la atenci&oacute;n plena explica la presencia de sintomatolog&iacute;a ansiosa. Estos resultados son alentadores para la intervenci&oacute;n en atenci&oacute;n plena con sintomatolog&iacute;a ansiosa y/o depresiva y se&ntilde;alan la importancia de procesos metacognitivos, como el descentramiento, en su desarrollo.</font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2"><b>Palabras clave:</b> <i>Mindfulness</i>. Depresi&oacute;n. Ansiedad. Descentramiento. Metacognici&oacute;n.</font></p> <hr size="1">     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2"><b>ABSTRACT</b></font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2">Depressive and anxious symptoms have a clear impact on the functioning of people. Their appearance seems to be related to the presence of deficits in metacognitive capacities. Mindfulness interventions increase metacognitive awareness through their effect in the decentering capacity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between mindfulness and decentering with anxious and depressive symptomatology respectively. The sample consisted of 465 participants contacted through universities and social networks. Results revealed that both mindfulness and the ability to decenter explain the presence of depressive symptoms while only mindfulness explains the presence of anxiety symptoms. These results are encouraging for intervention in mindfulness with anxious and depressive symptoms and stress the importance of metacognitive processes such as decentering in their development.</font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2"><b>Key words:</b> Mindfulness. Depression. Anxiety. Decentering. Metacognition.</font></p> <hr size="1">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2">Los trastornos depresivos seguidos por los trastornos de ansiedad son los trastornos mentales m&aacute;s prevalentes en todo el mundo (Alonso et al., 2004; Haro et al., 2006; Lambert, 2006) provocando elevados niveles de incapacidad en las personas que los sufren (Cano-Vindel, Salguero, Maewood, Collado y Latorre, 2012). A pesar de las elevadas tasas de prevalencia referidas al diagn&oacute;stico formal de los estados de &aacute;nimo en muestras comunitarias, estos datos podr&iacute;an reflejar &uacute;nicamente una parte de las mismas, existiendo tasas de prevalencia infradiagnosticadas. Por ejemplo, en el caso de los s&iacute;ntomas depresivos, a pesar de no alcanzar un nivel cl&iacute;nico, hay un claro impacto en el funcionamiento de las personas y se conoce con el nombre de depresi&oacute;n subcl&iacute;nica o sintomatolog&iacute;a depresiva. La sintomatolog&iacute;a depresiva tiene importantes implicaciones para el funcionamiento en las actividades de la vida diaria, en la calidad de vida y en el bienestar de las personas (Da Silva Lima y De Almeida Fleck, 2007).</font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2">Tanto los s&iacute;ntomas depresivos como ansiosos exhiben un alto nivel de comorbilidad con los trastornos de los ejes I y II (American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Martin, Usdan, Cremeens y Vail-Smith, 2014). Asimismo, numerosos estudios han demostrado de forma consistente una sucesiva comorbilidad entre ambos s&iacute;ntomas (Starr, Hammen, Connolly y Brennan, 2014).</font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2">Estos datos plantean la posibilidad de que bajo los s&iacute;ntomas depresivos y ansiosos subyazcan procesos similares que est&eacute;n relacionados con el desarrollo de otros trastornos m&aacute;s complejos. Siguiendo esta l&iacute;nea de investigaci&oacute;n, recientes estudios han encontrado la relaci&oacute;n de ambos s&iacute;ntomas con d&eacute;ficits en las capacidades metacognitivas (Yilmaz, Gen&ccedil;&ouml;z y Wells, 2015).</font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2">La metacognici&oacute;n est&aacute; referida a la capacidad de reconocer el estado mental de uno mismo, toler&aacute;ndolo y regul&aacute;ndolo, reconociendo simult&aacute;neamente la mente de un otro con un contenido mental diferenciado del propio (Semerari et al., 2003). Las personas con una consciencia metacognitiva pueden observar sus pensamientos y emociones como eventos mentales pasajeros en vez de productos definitorios de uno mismo (Teasdale et al., 2002). Por su parte, las personas en estado depresivo tienden a "engancharse" en el contenido negativo de sus experiencias (Lyubomirsky y Nolen-Hoeksema, 1995). Diversos estudios han demostrado la durabilidad y el efecto positivo de la intervenci&oacute;n en el desarrollo de capacidades metacognitivas para la depresi&oacute;n (Newby, Williams y Andrews, 2014) y ansiedad (Dragan y Dragan, 2014).</font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2">La propuesta de Teasdale y su equipo (Teasdale et al., 2002) se centra en el desarrollo de un <i>insight</i> metacognitivo a trav&eacute;s de la intervenci&oacute;n terap&eacute;utica en <i>mindfulness</i> que permita a las personas con tendencias depresivas observar sus pensamientos desde la no identificaci&oacute;n con los mismos. El entrenamiento en <i>mindfulness</i> fomenta la creaci&oacute;n de representaciones en la memoria que codifican nuevas relaciones con los pensamientos depresivos. El modelo de intervenci&oacute;n que corresponde a este enfoque te&oacute;rico es la Terapia Cognitiva basada en la Atenci&oacute;n Plena (TCAP) (Teasdale et al., 2002). Inicialmente desarrollado para la prevenci&oacute;n de reca&iacute;das en depresi&oacute;n, cada vez son m&aacute;s los estudios que demuestran los beneficios de su intervenci&oacute;n en s&iacute;ntomas ansiosos y depresivos (Pots, Meulenbeek, Veehof, Klungers y Bohlmeijer, 2014).</font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2">La TCAP se centra en el cambio de la relaci&oacute;n que establece el sujeto con el contenido negativo (pensamientos y sentimientos) y lo hace mediante la intervenci&oacute;n en lo sensitivo. La atenci&oacute;n plena (AP), o <i>mindfulness</i> en t&eacute;rminos anglosajones, ha sido definida como llevar la atenci&oacute;n a las experiencias en el momento presente, acept&aacute;ndolas y sin juzgar (Kabat-Zinn, 1990). Uno de los mecanismos que se ha identificado como fundamental para entender la eficacia de un entrenamiento en AP es la metacognici&oacute;n (Spada, Georgiou y Wells, 2010). La atenci&oacute;n en este estado es amplia y flexible y es capaz de fluctuar de un pensamiento a otro sin quedarse atrapada en los contenidos. La AP es una disposici&oacute;n natural de las personas cuya su presencia puede variar en funci&oacute;n de factores que favorezcan o disminuyan su presencia (Soler et al., 2014). Por lo tanto, puede ser concebida como rasgo o estado (Brown y Ryan, 2003). El paradigma de la AP como rasgo plantea la posibilidad de que una disposici&oacute;n para la AP pueda emerger como factor amortiguador en el desarrollo de diferentes patolog&iacute;as (P&eacute;rez y Botella, 2007).</font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2">Uno de los mecanismos principales subyacentes a la AP (Getch et al., 2014; Hargus, Crane, Barnhofer y Williams, 2010) y fundamental en el desarrollo de un <i>insight</i> metacognitivo (Teasdale et al., 2002) es el descentramiento. El descentramiento se describe como la capacidad de centrarse en el presente en una postura sin prejuicios hacia pensamientos y sentimientos acept&aacute;ndolos (Fresco et al., 2007). El entrenamiento en esta perspectiva es un eje central en las intervenciones basadas en atenci&oacute;n plena (IBAP) y est&aacute; estrechamente relacionado con el aumento de sensaci&oacute;n de bienestar y la reducci&oacute;n de s&iacute;ntomas depresivos (Shapiro, Carlson, Astin y Freedman, 2006; Teasdale et al., 2002). Esta toma de distancia respecto a los contenidos mentales permite al sujeto tener en cuenta otras perspectivas, reconocer la subjetividad del pensamiento de uno mismo y no identificarse con &eacute;l. El proceso de descentramiento otorga un papel activo al sujeto en su proceso de construcci&oacute;n de la realidad. Al reconocer la subjetividad y volubilidad de los contenidos mentales (desidentificaci&oacute;n e impermanencia) el sujeto se hace cargo de c&oacute;mo los est&aacute; viviendo y qu&eacute; est&aacute; entendiendo de ellos (Safran y Segal, 1994).</font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2">El concepto de descentramiento es contrario a las estrategia de rumiaci&oacute;n y evitaci&oacute;n, estrategias estrechamente relacionadas con el desarrollo de s&iacute;ntomas depresivos y ansiosos (Dragan y Dragan, 2014; Getch et al., 2014). Asimismo, el descentramiento permite tomar distancia de las respuestas autom&aacute;ticas (taquicardias, crisis, ataques de p&aacute;nico, entre otros) hacia los contenidos mentales y "frenar" el ciclo que se puede activar ante la percepci&oacute;n de estas se&ntilde;ales (Teasdale et al., 2002).</font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2">Como consecuencia de lo se&ntilde;alado previamente, los objetivos de este estudio son: 1) evaluar la relaci&oacute;n entre la AP y descentramiento con la sintomatolog&iacute;a ansiosa y 2) estudiar la relaci&oacute;n entre la sintomatolog&iacute;a depresiva, la AP y el descentramiento.</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2"><b>M&eacute;todo</b></font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2"><i>Dise&ntilde;o</i></font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2">Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en el que se analizar&aacute;n los s&iacute;ntomas depresivos y ansiosos y su relaci&oacute;n con las capacidades metacognitivas de atenci&oacute;n plena y descentramiento.</font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2"><i>Muestra</i></font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2">La muestra de este estudio ha estado compuesta por 465 participantes. La edad de los participantes oscila entre 18 y 67 a&ntilde;os (<i>Md</i> = 28.41, <i>DT =</i> 11.67). De ellos, el 25.40% (<i>n</i> = 118) son hombres y el 74.60% (<i>n</i> = 346) son mujeres. La muestra de conveniencia fue recogida de la comunidad general en la provincia de Vizcaya (Espa&ntilde;a). Se estableci&oacute; contacto con los participantes a trav&eacute;s de centros universitarios, centros de estudios para adultos y de las redes sociales. El criterio de inclusi&oacute;n era tener como m&iacute;nimo 18 a&ntilde;os. La mayor&iacute;a de los participantes ten&iacute;a estudios universitarios o se encontraba curs&aacute;ndolos (78.40%), mientras un 10.20% hab&iacute;a realizado estudios secundarios, un 9.10% formaci&oacute;n profesional y s&oacute;lo un 2.40% estudios primarios. Finalmente, el estado civil de los participantes es en su mayor&iacute;a soltero/a (79.60%), aunque tambi&eacute;n casado/a (11.50%), pareja de hecho (5.20%), separado/a o divorciado/a (240%) o viudo/a (1.30%).</font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2"><i>Instrumentos</i></font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2"><i>S&iacute;ntomas depresivos</i>. El cuestionario empleado ha sido la Escala de Depresi&oacute;n de Estudios Epidemiol&oacute;gicos (CESD; Radloff, 1977). Es un instrumento autoaplicado que permite evaluar la presencia de sintomatolog&iacute;a depresiva tanto en poblaci&oacute;n cl&iacute;nica como general. Consta de 20 &iacute;tems, entre los que se distinguen 4 factores diferentes: afecto deprimido/som&aacute;tico, afecto positivo, irritabilidad/desesperanza, interpersonal/social. El sistema de respuesta es de tipo Likert, con una escala que oscila entre 0 (<i>pr&aacute;cticamente nunca</i>) y 3 (<i>casi todo el tiempo</i>). Las propiedades psicom&eacute;tricas de la versi&oacute;n en espa&ntilde;ol del CES-D son excelentes en cuanto a factorizaci&oacute;n y consistencia interna. Los coeficientes aportados por Calvete y Carde&ntilde;oso (1999) para la validaci&oacute;n en espa&ntilde;ol son altos, tanto para las cuatro subescalas, afecto depresivo (.96), falta de afecto positivo (.94), disminuci&oacute;n psicomotora (.96) y dificultades interpersonales (.84) como para la escala completa (.98). En la validaci&oacute;n de Soler et al. (1997) el instrumento obtiene una alfa de .90. En la presente investigaci&oacute;n el alfa de Cronbach de las subescalas var&iacute;a entre .71 y .89.</font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2">Sintomatolog&iacute;a ansiosa. El instrumento empleado ha sido la subescala de ansiedad del Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90; Derogatis y Fitzpatrick, 2004). Los 10 &iacute;tems escogidos de este instrumento eval&uacute;an la intensidad de las manifestaciones cl&iacute;nicas de ansiedad tanto generalizada como aguda ("p&aacute;nico") desde 0 (<i>ausencia total de molestias relacionadas con el s&iacute;ntoma</i>) a 4 (<i>molestia m&aacute;xima</i>). Las propiedades psicom&eacute;tricas de la subescala en poblaci&oacute;n espa&ntilde;ola alcanzan valores entre .69 y .97 (Caparr&oacute;s-Caparr&oacute;s, Villar-Hoz, Juan-Ferrer y Vi&ntilde;as-Poch, 2007) y en este estudio han alcanzado un alfa de .89.</font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2"><i>Atenci&oacute;n plena</i>. En este estudio se ha empleado el Cuestionario de Cinco Factores de Mindfulness (FFMQ, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire; Baer, Smith, Hopkins, Krietemeyer y Toney, 2006). Los cinco factores de los que se compone son: 1) observar, 2) describir, 3) actuar con AP, 4) no juicio y 5) no reactividad. &Eacute;stos se eval&uacute;an a lo largo de 39 &iacute;tems a los que se responde mediante una escala Likert de 5 puntos, que var&iacute;a desde <i>nunca o muy raramente verdad</i> a <i>muy a menudo o siempre verdad</i>. El estudio original muestra una buena consistencia interna con un alfa de Cronbach entre .75 y .91 (Baer et al., 2006). En la validaci&oacute;n al espa&ntilde;ol los &iacute;ndices son similares y se agrupan en un intervalo de .80 a .91 (Aguado et al., 2015; Cebolla et al., 2010). En el presente estudio, el alfa de las subescalas oscila entre .71 y .82.</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p><font face="Verdana" size="2"><i>Experiences Questionnaire</i> (EQ; Fresco et al., 2007). Desarrollado para medir la capacidad de descentramiento, el EQ es un cuestionario autoaplicado de 11 &iacute;tems con una escala Likert de 5 puntos que va desde <i>nunca</i> a <i>siempre</i>. En la versi&oacute;n en castellano la estructura del instrumento obtenida es de un solo factor, siendo su consistencia interna de .893 (Soler et al., 2014). En el presente estudio el instrumento muestra una fiabilidad aceptable con un alfa de Cronbach de .78.</font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2"><i>Procedimiento</i></font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2">El reclutamiento de la muestra fue realizado en centros de estudios para j&oacute;venes estudiantes, centros de estudios para adultos y en redes sociales. Estas evaluaciones se realizaron entre septiembre de 2012 y junio de 2013. Todos los participantes firmaron el consentimiento informado y se especific&oacute; la posibilidad de contacto con la investigadora del estudio en caso de que hubiera inter&eacute;s respecto a los resultados o malestar tras realizar la evaluaci&oacute;n. Asimismo, se respet&oacute; el anonimato, la voluntariedad y la confidencialidad de los participantes. Este estudio tiene la aprobaci&oacute;n &eacute;tica de la Universidad de Deusto.</font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2"><i>An&aacute;lisis de los datos</i></font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2">Los an&aacute;lisis estad&iacute;sticos se estructuran en dos partes. Una primera parte se centra en la medici&oacute;n del efecto de la capacidad de AP en la presencia de sintomatolog&iacute;a ansiosa. En una segunda parte se ha procedido a la evaluaci&oacute;n del posible efecto amortiguador de la AP en la sintomatolog&iacute;a depresiva.</font></p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2"><b>Resultados</b></font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2">Se tomaron como variables independientes la AP, el descentramiento y los s&iacute;ntomas depresivos con el fin de analizar su efecto en la variable dependiente de s&iacute;ntomas ansiosos. El instrumento empleado para medir la AP eval&uacute;a esta capacidad mediante cinco subescalas (observar, describir, actuar con AP, no juicio y no reactividad) que funcionan de forma independiente entre s&iacute;. Por ello, cada subescala ha sido tomada como una variable independiente para el estudio. Los resultados muestran que el primer modelo, que incluye las variables observaci&oacute;n (&#946; = .2, <i>p</i> = .000), actuaci&oacute;n consciente (&#946; = -.08, <i>p</i> &lt; .066), no juzgar (&#946; = -.164, <i>p</i> &lt; .001) y CESD total (&#946; = .406, <i>p</i> = .000) como variables independientes, explica un 30% de la varianza para los s&iacute;ntomas ansiosos (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = .304, <i>p</i> &lt; .000).</font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2">La segunda regresi&oacute;n estudia la influencia que tienen en la sintomatolog&iacute;a depresiva la AP, el descentramiento y los s&iacute;ntomas ansiosos. Atendiendo a los resultados obtenidos, las variables independientes descripci&oacute;n (&#946; = -.066, <i>p</i> = .099), observaci&oacute;n (&#946; = -.094, <i>p</i> &lt; .016), no juzgar (&#946; = -.230, <i>p</i> &lt; .000), EQ Total (&#946; = -.297, <i>p</i> = .000) y s&iacute;ntomas ansiosos SCL (&#946; = .326, <i>p</i> = .000) predicen un 44% de la varianza de los s&iacute;ntomas depresivos (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = .441, <i>p</i> &lt; .000).</font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2">Tras analizar la influencia que tienen la AP y el descentramiento en los s&iacute;ntomas de ansiedad y depresi&oacute;n, se estudi&oacute; la influencia de estas variables en las diferentes subescalas del instrumento utilizado para medir los s&iacute;ntomas depresivos de afecto deprimido/som&aacute;tico, afecto positivo, irritabilidad/desesperanza, interpersonal/social en concreto.</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p><font face="Verdana" size="2">Para la primera de las subescalas, dificultades interpersonales, las variables observaci&oacute;n (&#946; = -.081, <i>p</i> &lt; .050), no juzgar (&#946; = -.293, <i>p</i> &lt; .000), EQ Total (&#946; = -.238, <i>p</i> = .000) y s&iacute;ntomas ansiosos SCL (&#946; = .250, <i>p</i> = .000) como variables independientes explican un 34% de la varianza (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = .341, <i>p</i> &lt; .000)</font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2">En el siguiente modelo regresi&oacute;n, las variables independientes no reactividad (&#946; = -.073, <i>p</i> = .133), actuaci&oacute;n consciente (&#946; = -.67, <i>p</i> = .122), descripci&oacute;n (&#946; = -.120, <i>p</i> = .006, observaci&oacute;n (&#946; = -.069, <i>p</i> &lt; .111), no juzgar (&#946; = -.197, <i>p</i> &lt; .000), EQ Total (&#946; = -.079, <i>p</i> = .129) y s&iacute;ntomas ansiosos SCL (&#946; = .33, <i>p</i> = .000) explican un 33% para disminuci&oacute;n psicomotora del CES-D (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = .335, <i>p</i> &lt; .000).</font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2">Por su parte, la subescala de afecto depresivo del CES-D es explicada en un 35% (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.359; p &lt; 0.000) por las variables independientes no reactividad (&#946; = -.060, <i>p</i> = .208), actuaci&oacute;n consciente (&#946; = .82, <i>p</i> = .052), descripci&oacute;n (&#946; = -.051, <i>p</i> = .230, observaci&oacute;n (&#946; = -.078, <i>p</i> &lt; .067), no juzgar (&#946; = -.198, <i>p</i> &lt; .000), EQ Total (&#946; = -.242, <i>p</i> = .000) y s&iacute;ntomas ansiosos SCL (&#946; = .334, <i>p</i> = .000).</font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2">Por &uacute;ltimo, la subescala de afecto positivo CES-D, es explicada un 37% (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = .337, <i>p</i> &lt; .000) por las variables independientes de descripci&oacute;n (&#946; = -.056, <i>p</i> = .190), observaci&oacute;n (&#946; = -.128, <i>p</i> &lt; .002), no juzgar (&#946; = -.167, <i>p</i> &lt; .000), EQ Total (&#946; = -.378, <i>p</i> = .000) y s&iacute;ntomas ansiosos SCL (&#946; = .123, <i>p</i> = .005).</font></p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2"><b>Discusi&oacute;n</b></font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2">El objetivo de este estudio ha sido evaluar el papel del descentramiento y la AP en la sintomatolog&iacute;a depresiva y ansiosa. Los resultados muestran que tanto la AP como la capacidad de descentramiento explican la presencia de sintomatolog&iacute;a depresiva mientras que s&oacute;lo la AP explica la presencia de sintomatolog&iacute;a ansiosa.</font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2">En el primer modelo, la presencia de ansiedad est&aacute; explicada por la presencia de las subescalas de observaci&oacute;n y depresi&oacute;n en sentido positivo y por las subescalas de actuar con consciencia y no juicio en sentido negativo. En este caso, el mayor peso de la regresi&oacute;n es para la sintomatolog&iacute;a depresiva y la subescala de observaci&oacute;n. La presencia de sintomatolog&iacute;a depresiva confirma la comorbilidad entre los s&iacute;ntomas ansiosos y depresivos (Starr et al., 2014). La presencia de la subescala de observaci&oacute;n puede estar relacionada con el estado de alerta caracter&iacute;stico de la sintomatolog&iacute;a ansiosa (APA, 2013). Por su parte, la subescala de no juicio parece confirmar la hip&oacute;tesis explicativa de la importancia de las creencias metacognitivas en el desarrollo de sintomatolog&iacute;a ansiosa (Spada et al., 2010), "sentir miedo es malo". Por &uacute;ltimo, la subescala de actuar con AP y su relaci&oacute;n negativa con la sintomatolog&iacute;a ansiosa parece estar ligada a la reactividad, a las sensaciones corporales intr&iacute;nsecas en un estado de alerta ansioso (Mennin, 2005). El descentramiento no explica la presencia de sintomatolog&iacute;a ansiosa.</font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2">En el segundo modelo, la sintomatolog&iacute;a depresiva es explicada por las subescalas de observaci&oacute;n, describir, no juicio, descentramiento y sintomatolog&iacute;a ansiosa. En este modelo todas las facetas incluidas de la AP y el descentramiento influyen en los s&iacute;ntomas depresivos en sentido negativo, es decir, a mayor puntuaci&oacute;n en las variables de AP (observar, describir, actuar con AP, no juzgar y no reactividad) menor ser&aacute; el valor de la sintomatolog&iacute;a depresiva. Las variables con m&aacute;s peso son el no juicio y el descentramiento. La relevancia del descentramiento en los s&iacute;ntomas depresivos puede deberse a su relaci&oacute;n inversa con la rumiaci&oacute;n, tan importante en la depresi&oacute;n (Mor et al., 2010).</font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2">La subescala de describir podr&iacute;a tener un efecto protector por estar asociada a nivel educativo m&aacute;s que a la AP como tal (Soler et al., 2014). En conclusi&oacute;n, el descentramiento y el no juicio parecen tomar un papel relevante en la presencia de sintomatolog&iacute;a depresiva. Es importante se&ntilde;alar, que el aspecto de observaci&oacute;n en poblaci&oacute;n meditadora no tiene la misma connotaci&oacute;n que en poblaci&oacute;n no meditadora, en la cual act&uacute;a de forma aislada y no combinada con el no juicio o no actuaci&oacute;n (Walach, Buchheld, Buttenm&uuml;ller, Kleinknecht y Schmidt, 2006). La subescala de actuar con AP tiene una relaci&oacute;n negativa con la disminuci&oacute;n psicomotora. Estos datos ayudan a clarificar la creencia que inicialmente muchos de los participantes tienen de que van a tardar m&aacute;s haciendo las cosas con AP que sin ella, y sin embargo es posible que un efecto enlentecedor sea la distracci&oacute;n y no la conciencia plena. Por otro lado, es destacable el papel explicativo de la subescala de observaci&oacute;n y del descentramiento en la variable de falta de afecto positivo de la sintomatolog&iacute;a depresiva. Como se ha se&ntilde;alado, el descentramiento se entiende como el tomar distancia de las respuestas autom&aacute;ticas (taquicardias, crisis, ataques de p&aacute;nico, entre otros) activadas por determinados contenidos mentales (Teasdale et al., 2002). Esto supone que una persona que antes evitaba o rumiaba los contenidos mentales ahora podr&iacute;a observarlos, lo que ya en si mismo construir&iacute;a una nueva relaci&oacute;n con ellos (Hayes-Stelkon y Graham, 2013). Esta presencia refuerza la teor&iacute;a de la importancia de la observaci&oacute;n para tomar conciencia del papel activador que tienen determinados recuerdos en la activaci&oacute;n de sintomatolog&iacute;a depresiva. Estas reactivaciones dependen de si el sujeto es capaz de dejar pasar estos pensamientos o bien de si se queda atrapado en ellos restableci&eacute;ndolos (Hayes, 2004). As&iacute; pues, un sujeto con la capacidad de "separarse" de sus pensamientos, sean del contenido que sean, demostrar&aacute; una menor presencia de sintomatolog&iacute;a depresiva (Soler et al., 2014).</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p><font face="Verdana" size="2">Estos resultados son &uacute;tiles, ya que ayudan a profundizar en los mecanismos que subyacen a la sintomatolog&iacute;a depresiva y ansiosa, lo cual podr&iacute;a ayudar a clarificar c&oacute;mo la identificaci&oacute;n con los pensamientos, el rechazo de la tristeza y la incapacidad de toma de perspectiva son elementos fundamentales para poder escoger una v&iacute;a u otra de afrontamiento. Estas formas de actuaci&oacute;n son las contrarias a las manejadas en las IBAP, concretamente al programa realizado para la prevenci&oacute;n en reca&iacute;das en depresi&oacute;n (Segal, Williams y Teasdale, 2002). Por ello, ser&iacute;a &uacute;til seguir haciendo estudios que profundicen en estas variables e intervenciones que incluyan el trabajo con estos elementos.</font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2">Esta investigaci&oacute;n no est&aacute; exenta de limitaciones. Una de las m&aacute;s importantes es la transversalidad del estudio, lo que afectar&iacute;a a las conclusiones obtenidas, no pudi&eacute;ndose establecer relaciones causales entre la AP y la sintomatolog&iacute;a disfuncional. Asimismo, la muestra utilizada pertenece mayoritariamente a poblaci&oacute;n universitaria, adulta joven y femenina, por lo que existe una gran parte de la comunidad que no est&aacute; representada en estos resultados. La evaluaci&oacute;n online podr&iacute;a repercutir en los resultados, aunque existen estudios que han evaluado la adaptaci&oacute;n de la versi&oacute;n de papel y l&aacute;piz para una versi&oacute;n para Internet, la mayor&iacute;a de los cuales han mostrado propiedades psicom&eacute;tricas similares (Buchan, DeAngelis y Levinson, 2005). La muestra no pertenece a un contexto cl&iacute;nico, por lo que el funcionamiento de la sintomatolog&iacute;a depresiva y ansiosa de &iacute;ndole cl&iacute;nica podr&iacute;a mostrar otro funcionamiento al mostrado en este estudio.</font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2">A pesar de las limitaciones estos resultados son alentadores para la intervenci&oacute;n en AP con sintomatolog&iacute;a ansiosa y depresiva y se&ntilde;alan la posible importancia de procesos metacognitivos como el descentramiento en su desarrollo y mantenimiento.</font></p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2"><b>Extended Summary</b></font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2">Depressive and anxious disorders are one of the most common mental health problems in the world. However, the high prevalence rates from referring to the formal diagnosis could reflect only a portion thereof, existing prevalence rates under-diagnosed. In the case of depressive symptoms, they do not reach a clinical diagnosis level and are known under the name of subclinical depression or depressive symptoms. These symptoms as those anxious have a clear impact on daily life and in the sense of well being of people. Both symptoms have shown a high level of comorbidity. These data raise the possibility that similar processes may underlie the development of depressive and anxious symptoms. Following this line of research, recent studies have found a relationship between both symptoms and deficits in metacognitive skills. Metacognition refers to the ability to recognize one's mental state (Semerari et al., 2003). People with a metacognitive awareness can observe their own thoughts and emotions as mental events rather than a definition of themselves. Teasdale et al. (2002) developed a therapeutic intervention in mindfulness that increases metacognitive awareness in people with depressive tendencies. Mindfulness has been defined as paying attention to experiences in the present moment in an accepting and nonjudgmental way. Minfulness is a natural disposition whose presence may vary depending on factors that promote or diminish it. It can be conceived as a trait or a state (Brown y Ryan, 2003). The paradigm of mindfulness trait raises the possibility that a disposition for mindfulness can emerge as a buffer factor in the development of different pathologies. One of the main mechanisms underlying mindfulness is decentering. Decentering has been described as the ability to focus on the present in a nonjudgmental stance toward accepting thoughts and feelings as mental events. This mechanism has been related to the increase of well-being and reduction of depressive symptoms. Therefore, the aim of this study was 1) to evaluate the relationship between mindfulness and decentering with anxiety symptoms and 2) to study the relationship between depressive symptoms and mindfulness and decentering. The sample consisted of 465 participants. The participants were aged18 to 67 years, (<i>Md</i> = 28.41, <i>SD</i> = 11.67). 314 of them were women (75.4%) and 102 (24.6%) were men. Participants were recruited from the general population of the province of Bizkaia (Spain). The inclusion criterion was being 18 years old or older. Anxious symptoms were measured with the subscale of anxiety of the instrument SCL-90. Depressive symptoms were analyzed by the instrument of CESD-20. Mindfulness and decentering were measured with the FFMQ and EQ instruments respectively. Statistical analyses were structured in two parts. The first part focuses on measuring the effect on the ability of mindfulness and decentering in the presence of anxiety symptoms. In a second part, the evaluation of a possible protective effect of mindfulness and decentering in the development of depressive symptomatology was analyzed. In the first part, the analysis was carried out by a stepwise regression. Decentering, mindfulness, and depressive symptoms were taken as independent variables in order to analyze their effect on the dependent variable of anxious symptoms. The instrument used to measure mindfulness evaluates this capacity through five subscales (observe, describe, act with AP, no trial, no reactivity) that operate independently from each other. Results revealed that the subscales of mindfulness, observe, acting with mindfulness, and no judgement, and depressive symptoms explain the 30% of the variance of the presence of anxious symptoms (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = .304, <i>p</i> &lt; .000). In the second part, a stepwise multiple regression was made. The variable depressive symptoms was taken as dependent variable, whereas decentering, mindfulness, and anxious symptoms were taken as independent variables. Results revealed that anxious symptoms and both mindfulness (observe, acting with mindfulness, no judgement, and no reactivity) and the ability to decenter explained the 44% presence of depressive symptoms (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = .441, <i>p</i> &lt; .000). After analyzing the influence of mindfulness and decentering on symptoms of anxiety and depression, the influence of these variables were studied in the different subscales of the instrument used to measure depressive symptoms in depressed/somatic affect, positive affect, irritability/hopelessness, and interpersonal/social in particular. For the first subscale, interpersonal difficulties, observe (&#946; = -.081, <i>p</i> &lt; .050), no judgement (&#946; = -.293, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.000), EQ Total (&#946; = -.238, <i>p</i> = 0.000) and anxious symptoms (&#946; = .250, <i>p</i> = .000) explained 34% of variance (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = .341, <i>p</i> &lt; .000). The following regression model, the independent variables no reactivity (&#946; = -.073, <i>p</i> = .133), acting with mindfulness (&#946; = -.67, p = .122), describe (&#946; = -.120, <i>p</i> = .006, observe (&#946; = -.069, <i>p</i> &lt; .111), no judgement (&#946; = -,197, <i>p</i> &lt; .000), EQ Total (&#946; = -.079, <i>p</i> = .129) and anxious symptoms (&#946; = .33, <i>p</i> = .000) explain 33% for psychomotor decrease (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = .335, <i>p</i> &lt; .000). The subscale of depressive affect is explained 35% (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = .359, <i>p</i> &lt; .000) by the independent variables of no reactivity (&#946; = -.060, <i>p</i> = .208), acting with mindfulness (&#946; = .82, <i>p</i> = .052), describe (&#946; = -.051, <i>p</i> = .230, observe (&#946; = -,078, <i>p</i> &lt; .067), no judgement (&#946; = -.198, <i>p</i> &lt; .000), decentering (&#946; = -.242, <i>p</i> = .000) and anxious symptoms (&#946; = .334, <i>p</i> = .000). Finally, Lack of positive affect subscale is explained 37% (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = .337, <i>p</i> &lt; .000) by the independent variables of describe (&#946; = -.056, <i>p</i> = .190), observe (&#946; = -.128, <i>p</i> &lt; .002), no judgement (&#946; = -.167, <i>p</i> &lt; .000), decentering (&#946; = -.378, <i>p</i> = .000) and anxious symptoms (&#946; = .123, <i>p</i> = .005). The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of decentering and mindfulness in depressive and anxious symptoms. The results show that both mindfulness and the ability to decenter explain the presence of depressive symptoms. In this model all facets of mindfulness influence depressive symptoms in a positive direction, i.e., the higher the scores on the variables of mindfulness (observe, describe, acting with mindfulness, no judgement, and no reactivity) the lower the values of the depressive symptoms. This influence also includes decentering and anxious symptoms variables. Variables with more weight are no judgement and decentering. The relevance of decentering in d    epressive symptoms may be due to the inverse relationship with rumination, so important in depression (Mor et al., 2010). The subscale describe could have a protective effect associated with educational level rather than to mindfulness by itself (Soler et al., 2014). In conclusion, decentering and no judgment seem to take a role in the presence of depressive symptoms. It is important to note that the mindfulness aspect of observation does not have the same connotation in meditative population as in normal population in which it acts in isolation and not combined with no judgment or acting with mindfulness (Walach, Buchheld, Buttenm&uuml;ller, Kleinknecht y Schmidt, 2006). The subscale acting with mindfulness has a negative relationship with psychomotor decrease. These data help to clarify the belief that many participants have at the beginning about how could acting with mindfulness slow down their perfomance. On the other hand, it is remarkable the role of the subscale observation and decentering in the variable lack of positive affect. As noted, decentering enables people to distance and disidentify themselves from their mental content (Getch et al., 2014; Teasdale et al., 2002). By this, people gain an active role over their emotions and thoughts and perceive them as transient mental events rather than accurate appraisals of reality. This means that if a person used to avoid or felt trapped with mental contents, decenter ability could help to build another perspective of them and consequently a new way of coping with these contents (Hayes-Skelton y Graham, 2013). This presence reinforces the theory of the importance of observation to become aware of the role that triggers certain memories in the activation of depressive symptoms. Regarding the results related to anxious symptoms, the subscales of mindfulness, observe, acting with mindfulness, and no judgement, and depressive symptoms explain 30% of their variance and leave out of the equation the subscale of mindfulness acceptance and the variable of decentering. It seems that in depressive symptomatology there is a greater predominance of decentering compared to anxious symptoms. This research is not exempt from limitations. This cross-sectional study affects the conclusions not being able to establish causal relationships between mindfulness and dysfunctional symptoms. Also, the sample used is majority-owned university population, young adult women, so there is a large part of the community to which these results cannot be applied. Finally, the sample does not belong to a clinical setting, so that the functioning of depressive and anxious symptoms of clinical nature could run differently to that shown in this study. Despite limitations, these results are useful to describe the mechanisms underlying depressive and anxious symptoms. Thus, they will clarify how identification with thoughts, rejecting sadness, and the inability of perspective taking are essential elements to choose different ways of coping emotions. These results are encouraging for mindfulness intervention with anxious and depressive symptoms and stress the importance of metacognitive processes, such as decentering, in its development.</font></p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2"><b>Conflicto de intereses</b></font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2">Los autores de este art&iacute;culo declaran que no tienen ning&uacute;n conflicto de intereses.</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p><b><font face="Verdana" size="2">Agradecimientos</font></b></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2">Agradecimientos de Ausi&agrave;s Cebolla: CIBEROBN es una iniciativa de ISCIII.</font></p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2"><b>Referencias</b></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p><font face="Verdana" size="2">1. Aguado J., Luciano J.V., Cebolla A., Serrano-Blanco A., Soler J., Garc&iacute;a-Campayo J. Bifactor analysis and construct validity of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) in non-clinical Spanish samples. Frontiers in Psychology. 2015;6:404.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1520141&pid=S1130-5274201600020000200001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>    <!-- ref --><p><font face="Verdana" size="2">2. Alonso J., Angermeyer M.C., Bernert S., Bruffaerts R., Brugha T.S., Bryson H., Vollebergh W.A.M. Use of mental health services in Europe: results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2004;109(s420):47-54.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1520143&pid=S1130-5274201600020000200002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>    <!-- ref --><p><font face="Verdana" size="2">3. American Psychiatric Association, Psychiatric American Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed., Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing, 2013.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1520145&pid=S1130-5274201600020000200003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p><font face="Verdana" size="2">4. Baer R.A., Smith G.T., Hopkins J., Krietemeyer J., Toney L. Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment. 2006;13:27-45.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1520147&pid=S1130-5274201600020000200004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>    <!-- ref --><p><font face="Verdana" size="2">5. Brown K.W., Ryan R.M. The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2003;84:822-48.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1520149&pid=S1130-5274201600020000200005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>    <!-- ref --><p><font face="Verdana" size="2">6. Buchan B.D., DeAngelis D.L., Levinson E.M. A comparison of the web-based and paper-and-pencil versions of the career key interest inventory with a sample of university women. Journal of Employment Counseling. 2005;42:39-46.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1520151&pid=S1130-5274201600020000200006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>    <!-- ref --><p><font face="Verdana" size="2">7. Calvete E., Carde&ntilde;oso O. Creencias y s&iacute;ntomas depresivos: Resultados preliminares en el desarrollo de una escala de creencias irracionales abreviada. Anales de Psicolog&iacute;a. 1999;15:179-90.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1520153&pid=S1130-5274201600020000200007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>    <!-- ref --><p><font face="Verdana" size="2">8. Cano-Vindel A., Salguero J.M., Maewood C., Collado E.D., Latorre J.M. La depresi&oacute;n en atenci&oacute;n primaria: prevalencia, diagn&oacute;stico y tratamiento. Papeles del psic&oacute;logo. 2012;33:2-11.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1520155&pid=S1130-5274201600020000200008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>    ]]></body>
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<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p><font face="Verdana" size="2">39. Walach H., Buchheld N., Buttenm&uuml;ller V., Kleinknecht N., Schmidt S. Measuring mindfulness the Freiburg mindfulness inventory (FMI). Personality and Individual Differences. 2006;40:1543-55.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1520217&pid=S1130-5274201600020000200039&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>    <!-- ref --><p><font face="Verdana" size="2">40. Yilmaz A.E., Gen&ccedil;&ouml;z T., Wells A. Unique contributions of metacognition and cognition to depressive symptoms. Journal of General Psychology. 2015;142:23-33.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1520219&pid=S1130-5274201600020000200040&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2"><a href="#top"><img border="0" src="/img/revistas/clinsa/v27n2/seta.gif" width="15" height="17"></a><a name="bajo"></a><b>Direcci&oacute;n para correspondencia:</b>    <br>Leticia Linares    <br>Departamento de Psicolog&iacute;a.    <br>Universidad de Deusto.    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br>Apartado 1. 48080 Bilbao, Espa&ntilde;a.    <br><a href="mailto:linar.leticia@gmail.com">linar.leticia@gmail.com</a></font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2">Recibido el 28 de abril de 2015    <br>Aceptado el 7 de marzo de 2016</font></p>      ]]></body><back>
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