<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1130-6343</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Farmacia Hospitalaria]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Farm Hosp.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1130-6343</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Grupo Aula Médica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1130-63432020000400005</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7399/fh.11328</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Predictive biomarkers of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Biomarcadores predictivos de respuesta a los inhibidores de los puntos de control inmunitario]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz-Carrasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Sacramento]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Haba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eva]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Soler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juana Inés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espuny-Miró]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca Department of Pharmacy ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[El Palmar Murcia]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Gregorio Marañón Department of Pharmacy ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>141</fpage>
<lpage>148</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1130-63432020000400005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1130-63432020000400005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1130-63432020000400005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Objective: The present paper provides a literature review aimed at identifying the tumor-dependent factors capable of influencing a subject's response to immune checkpoint inhibitors, with a special emphasis on those that may act as predictive biomarkers.  Method: A search was performed of the terms biomarkers, PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, and checkpoint inhibitors in the title and the abstract of the records in the PubMed database. Articles including relevant information on the tumor-dependent factors capable of influencing a subject's response of immune checkpoint inhibitors were selected. Priority was given to studies in humans (clinical trials and reviews) published between January 2015 and June 2019, in English and Spanish.  Results: The literature review exposed the complex relationship that exists between the immune system and tumors. It also revealed that the factors capable of influencing a subject's response to immune checkpoint inhibitors are multiple, heterogeneous and ill understood, which makes it difficult to obtain simple and/or universal predictive biomarkers.  Conclusions: The only biomarkers currently used in clinical practice include the expression of the programmed cell death ligand-1 and microsatellite instability/ deficient DNA mismatch repair, but their usefulness is limited. Tumor mutational burden and gene signatures associated to IFN-&#947; could become useful biomarkers once determination techniques and cutoff points are systematized.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Objetivo: El objetivo del presente trabajo es identificar mediante revisión bibliográfica los factores dependientes del tumor que condicionan la respuesta a los inhibidores de los puntos de control inmunitario, incidiendo especialmente en aquellos que se postulan como posibles biomarcadores predictivos.  Método: Búsquedas en Pubmed con los términos biomarkers, PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, checkpoint inhibitors, en el título o el abstract, seleccionando aquellos que incluyeran información relevante sobre factores tumorales que condicionan la respuesta a los inhibidores de los puntos de control inmunitario. Se priorizaron estudios en humanos (ensayos clínicos y revisions) publicados entre enero de 2015 y junio de 2019, en idiomas inglés y español.  Resultados: La revisión pone de manifiesto las complejas relaciones entre sistema inmunitario y tumor, con factores que influyen en la respuesta a los inhibidores de los puntos de control inmunitario variados, y aun poco conocidos, lo cual dificulta la obtención de biomarcadores predictivos sencillos y/o universales.  Conclusiones: Actualmente los únicos biomarcadores utilizados en práctica clínica, en algunos escenarios, son la expresión del ligando del receptor de muerte celular programada-1 y la inestabilidad de microsatélites/deficiencias en las enzimas de reparación de los apareamientos erróneos durante la replicación del ácido desoxirribonucleico, aunque su utilidad es limitada. La carga mutacional y las firmas génicas asociadas a interferón gamma se postulan como biomarcadores útiles, una vez sistematizadas las técnicas de determinación y los puntos de corte.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Biomarkers]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Immune checkpoint inhibitors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Immunotherapy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Programmed cell death-1 receptor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Biomarcadores]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Inhibidores puntos de control inmunitario]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Inmunoterapia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Receptor de muerte celular programada-1]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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