<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1134-8046</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de la Sociedad Española del Dolor]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1134-8046</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Inspira Network Group, S.L ]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1134-80462017000300116</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20986/resed.2017.3548/2016</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Prevalencia del dolor irruptivo asociado al dolor crónico por lumbalgia en Andalucía (estudio COLUMBUS)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Prevalence of breakthrough pain associated to chronic low back pain in Andalusia (COLUMBUS study)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.-M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.-J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabezón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.-J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar Unidad del Dolor ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cádiz ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Kyowa Kirin Farmacéutica, SLU  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Unidad del Dolor ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Málaga ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>116</fpage>
<lpage>124</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1134-80462017000300116&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1134-80462017000300116&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1134-80462017000300116&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción  El dolor lumbar crónico tiene una alta prevalencia en los países industrializados, donde es una de las principales causas de incapacidad laboral. Con frecuencia, los pacientes con dolor lumbar crónico en tratamiento con opiáceos sufren episodios de dolor irruptivo, pero los datos de prevalencia y preferencias de tratamiento son escasos. La prevalencia, características y manejo del dolor irruptivo de pacientes con dolor crónico de origen lumbar en Andalucía y Melilla es desconocida.  Objetivos  1. Evaluación de la prevalencia del dolor irruptivo en pacientes con dolor crónico secundario a lumbalgia crónica en Andalucía y Melilla (objetivo primario). 2. Caracterización del dolor irruptivo en pacientes con dolor crónico secundario a lumbalgia crónica basado en la etiología, patología, así como en otras características clínicas. 3. Evaluación de la prevalencia de cada una de las diferentes causas de dolor. 4. Identificar las posibles asociaciones entre los diferentes tipos de dolor irruptivo y aspectos sociodemográficos, clínicos y asistenciales.  Material y métodos  En el estudio de prevalencia del dolor irruptivo participaron 1.868 pacientes y en el de caracterización 295 pacientes. En el estudio de prevalencia se recogieron las siguientes variables: presencia de dolor irruptivo, sexo y edad. En el estudio de caracterización se recogieron datos relativos al tipo y localización del dolor, tratamiento, cumplimiento y satisfacción del paciente.  Resultados  La prevalencia del dolor irruptivo en pacientes con dolor crónico secundario a lumbalgia crónica es del 37,5 % (IC 95 %: 35,3-39,7 %), y es similar en hombres y mujeres. Un 75 % de los pacientes son mayores de 50 años. La media de dolor irruptivo fue de 84,4 puntos en la escala visual analógica (EVA). El tratamiento del dolor crónico es tratado con una amplia gama de opiáceos. El fármaco preferente de los pacientes que controlan el dolor irruptivo con opiáceos es fentanilo (78,3 %) y la forma de administración más común de este es la nasal (53,2 %). El grado de cumplimiento es alto y un 46,3 % de los pacientes consideran muy satisfactorio el control de su dolor irruptivo.  Conclusiones  Los datos epidemiológicos sobre el dolor irruptivo en Andalucía y Melilla generados por este estudio nos ha permitido conocer su prevalencia y características, así como los tratamientos preferidos y el grado de satisfacción de los pacientes.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction  Chronic low back pain is highly prevalent in industrialized countries, where it is one of the main causes of incapacity for work. Patients with chronic low back pain in treatment with opioids often experience episodes of breakthrough pain, but prevalence and treatment preferences data are scarce. The prevalence, characteristics, and management of breakthrough pain of patients with chronic pain of lumbar origin in Andalusia and Melilla are unknown.  Objectives  1. Evaluation of the prevalence of breakthrough pain in patients with chronic pain secondary to chronic low back pain in Andalusia and Melilla (primary endpoint). 2. Characterization of breakthrough pain in patients with chronic pain secondary to chronic low back pain based on etiology, pathology, and other clinical characteristics. 3. Assessment of the prevalence of each of the different causes of pain. 4. Identify the possible associations between different types of breakthrough pain and sociodemographic, clinical and healthcare factors.  Materials and methods  1,868 patients participated in the study of prevalence of breakthrough pain and 295 patients participated in the characterization study. In the prevalence study the following variables were collected: presence of breakthrough pain, sex and age. In the characterization study data were collected regarding the type and location of pain, treatment, compliance, and patient satisfaction.  Results  The prevalence of breakthrough pain in patients with chronic pain secondary to chronic low back pain is 37.5 % (95 % CI: 35.3-39.7 %), and is similar in men and women. 75% of the patients are older than 50 years. The mean value of breakthrough pain was 84.4 points in a visual analogue scale (VAS). Chronic lumbar pain is treated with a wide range of opiates. The preferred drug of patients who control breakthrough pain with opioids is fentanyl (78.3 %) and its most common form of administration is nasal (53.2 %). The degree of compliance is high and 46.3 % of patients consider the control of their breakthrough pain very satisfactory.  Conclusions  Epidemiological data on the breakthrough pain in Andalusia and Melilla generated by this study has allowed us to know its prevalence and characteristics, as well as the preferred treatments and the degree of satisfaction of the patients.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Chronic low back pain]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[low back pain]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[breakthrough pain]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[opioids]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fentanyl]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Dolor lumbar crónico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[lumbalgia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[dolor irruptivo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[opiáceos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fentanilo]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Non-specific low back pain]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balagué]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mannion]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pellise]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cedraschi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>379</volume>
<numero>9814</numero>
<issue>9814</issue>
<page-range>482-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The prevalence of chronic widespread pain in the general population]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Croft]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rigby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boswell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schollum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Rheumatol]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>710-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Back pain prevalence in US industry and estimates of lost workdays]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tanaka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Halperin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cameron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Public Health]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>1029-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A longitudinal, prospective study of industrial back injury reporting]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bigos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Battie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spengler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fisher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fordyce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hansson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Orthop Relat Res]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<numero>279</numero>
<issue>279</issue>
<page-range>21-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Epidemiology and risk factors for spine pain]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DI]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Neurol Clin]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>353-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Encuesta Nacional de Salud de España 2011/12 (ENSE 2011/12)]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The prevalence of low back pain: a systematic review of the literature from 1966 to 1998]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Spinal Disord]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>205-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Grupo Español de Trabajo del Programa COST B13</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Guía de Práctica Clínica para la lumbalgia inespecífica]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Early management of persistent non-specific low back pain: summary of NICE guidance]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Savigny]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Underwood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>338</volume>
<page-range>b1805</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Low back pain]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delitto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[George]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SZ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Dillen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whitman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sowa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shekelle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Orthop Sports Phys Ther]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>A1-A57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence and characteristics of breakthrough pain in patients receiving opioids for chronic back pain in pain specialty clinics]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bennett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brennan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shoemaker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Opioid Manag]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>101-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Breakthrough cancer pain: prevalence and characteristics in patients in Catalonia, Spain]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomez-Batiste]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madrid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gracia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trelis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nabal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Pain Symptom Manage]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>45-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Recognition and diagnosis of breakthrough pain]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Payne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pain Med]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>^s1</numero>
<issue>^s1</issue>
<supplement>1</supplement>
<page-range>S3-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence and characteristics of breakthrough pain in opioid-treated patients with chronic noncancer pain]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Portenoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bennett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rauck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brennan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Pain]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>583-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Breakthrough pain in the management of chronic persistent pain syndromes]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Webster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Manag Care]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>5^s1</numero>
<issue>5^s1</issue>
<supplement>1</supplement>
<page-range>S116-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Breakthrough pain in community-dwelling patients with cancer pain and noncancer pain, part 1: prevalence and characteristics]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Portenoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruns]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shoemaker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shoemaker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Opioid Manag]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>97-108</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Breakthrough pain in patients referred to pain clinics: the Italian pain network retrospective study]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gatti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mediati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuomo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vellucci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Russo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Adv Ther]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>464-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Breakthrough pain in chronic non-cancer pain: fact, fiction, or abuse]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manchikanti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caraway]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benyamin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pain Physician]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>E103-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Breakthrough pain in community-dwelling patients with cancer pain and noncancer pain, part 2: impact on function, mood, and quality of life]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Portenoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruns]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shoemaker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shoemaker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Opioid Manag]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>109-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence and characteristics of breakthrough pain in patients with non-malignant terminal disease admitted to a hospice]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zeppetella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O'Doherty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Palliat Med]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>243-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[National Breakthrough Pain Study: prevalence, characteristics, and associations with health outcomes]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Narayana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shillington]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stephenson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harshaw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pain]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>156</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>252-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of breakthrough pain on quality of life in patients with chronic, noncancer pain: patient perceptions and effect of treatment with oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC, ACTIQ)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Webster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reinking]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stegman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shoemaker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pain Med]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>281-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fentanyl for breakthrough pain: a systematic review]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Expert Rev Neurother]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1197-216</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efficacy and safety of oral or nasal fentanyl for treatment of breakthrough pain in cancer patients: a systematic review]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodriguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Urrutia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escobar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>228-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
