<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1134-8046</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de la Sociedad Española del Dolor]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1134-8046</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Inspira Network Group, S.L ]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1134-80462017000300132</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20986/resed.2017.3542/2016</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Nuevos enfoques en el tratamiento del dolor agudo postoperatorio]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[New approaches in the treatment of acute postoperative pain]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esteve-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sansaloni-Perelló]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verd-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ribera-Leclerc]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora-Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario Son Espases. Servicio de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapia del Dolor ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Palma de Mallorca ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario Son Espases Unidad del Dolor ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Palma de Mallorca ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario Son Espases Servicio de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapia del Dolor ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Palma de Mallorca ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>132</fpage>
<lpage>139</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1134-80462017000300132&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1134-80462017000300132&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1134-80462017000300132&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El control eficaz del dolor postoperatorio se ha convertido en una parte esencial de los cuidados perioperatorios y su adecuado tratamiento, junto a otros factores como la movilización y la nutrición precoz, se relacionan directamente con la disminución de las complicaciones postoperatorias y de la estancia hospitalaria. En la actualidad se presentan diversos retos en el campo del tratamiento del DAP, que precisarán de nuevos enfoques y nuevas alternativas terapéuticas. Los protocolos analgésicos específicos para cada tipo de intervención quirúrgica, adaptados al contexto organizativo y de práctica clínica hospitalaria, son una garantía para individualizar los tratamientos y responder adecuadamente a las demandas analgésicas de cada paciente. Entre las recomendaciones de las recientes Guías del manejo del Dolor Agudo Postoperatorio de la American Pain Society (APS) destacamos: el uso de la analgesia multimodal, la analgesia regional y epidural en procedimientos específicos, las mínimas dosis de opioides y la preferencia de la vía oral frente a la intravenosa, y la modalidad de PCA. Ante la epidemia de consumo de opioides, las recomendaciones actuales se basan en minimizar la dosis de opioide postoperatorio, aplicar pautas multimodales y retirarlos precozmente cuando puedan ser sustituidos por otros analgésicos. En los programas de cirugía fast-track, el inicio precoz de la deambulación, de la fisioterapia o de la rehabilitación son factibles con un nivel moderado de dolor. Pretender eliminar totalmente el dolor en estos programas de fast-track puede asociarse a inmovilidad del paciente o a efectos secundarios de los analgésicos que retrasen la recuperación. Se han desarrollado nuevos dispositivos de administración de opioides no invasivos o "needel-free", con el fin de eliminar las desventajas de la morfina intravenosa. Las ventajas teóricas se basan en una mayor movilidad y satisfacción del paciente, en la autoadministración y en un mejor perfil farmacológico. Son opioides de inicio rápido y acción prolongada, sin metabolitos activos, por lo que teóricamente tienen un perfil farmacológico más eficaz y seguro. Estas nuevas alternativas podrían sustituir a la administración de la PCA de morfina a bolos en la cirugía mayor laparoscópica o en la cirugía de columna vertebral, entre otras. También podrían jugar un papel de analgesia de transición, en la retirada precoz de los catéteres epidurales o paravertebrales en cirugía torácica o en cirugía vascular.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Effective control of postoperative pain, as well as other factors such as early mobilization and nutrition, are directly related to the reduction of postoperative complications and hospital stay, and have become an essential part of perioperative care There are actually several challenges in the field of the treatment of DAP, which require new approaches and therapeutic alternatives. The specific analgesic protocols for each type of surgery, adapted to the organizational context and clinical practice, are a guarantee to individualize the treatments and appropriately respond to the analgesic demands of any patient. Among the recommendations of the recent Guidelines for the Management of Acute Postoperative Pain of the American Pain Society (APS), we highlight: the use of Multimodal Analgesia, Regional and Epidural Analgesia in specific procedures, the minimum possible doses of opioids, the preference of the oral versus intravenous route, and PCA modality. Faced with the epidemic use of opioids, the current recommendations are based on minimizing the dose of postoperative opioids, together with, applying multimodal guidelines and early withdrawing, when they can be replaced by other analgesics. In fast-track surgery programs, the early onset of ambulation, physical therapy and/or rehabilitation are feasible with a moderate level of pain. Attempting to eliminate completely the pain in these fast-track programs can be associated with patients immobility, or analgesic side effects that may delay patients recovery. New devices for administering non-invasive opioids or "needel-free" have been developed in order to eliminate the disadvantages of intravenous morphine. The theoretical advantages are based on greater mobility and patient satisfaction, self-administration and a better pharmacological profile. They are fast onset opioids with a prolonged action and without active metabolites, which offer a theoretically more effective and safe pharmacological profile. These new alternatives could replace the administration of morphine PCA to boluses, in major laparoscopic surgery or in spinal surgery, among others. They may also play a role in the transition analgesia, in situations such as early withdrawal of epidural or paravertebral catheters in thoracic or vascular surgery.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Postoperative pain prevalence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[management of postoperative pain]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[epidemic opioids]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fast-track surgery]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sublingual sufentanil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fentanyl iontophoretic transdermal system]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[prevalencia dolor postoperatorio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[manejo del dolor postoperatorio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[epidemia opioides]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cirugía fast-track]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sufentanilo sublingual]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fentanilo transdérmico]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evidence-based surgical care and the evolution of fast-track surgery]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kehlet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilmore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Surg]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>248</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>189-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pain out: the making of an international acute pain registry]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaslansky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rothaug]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chapman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bäckström]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fletcher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Pain]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>490-502</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Current issues in postoperative pain management]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rawal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Anaesthesiol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>160-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Research design considerations for chronic pain prevention clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gewandter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dworkin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farrar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fillingim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gilron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pain]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>156</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>1184-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Incidence, patient satisfaction, and perceptions of post-surgical pain: Results from a US national survey]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Habib]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[White]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Apfelbaum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Med Res Opin]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>149-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Postoperative pain experience: Results from a national survey suggest postoperative pain continues to be undermanaged]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Apfelbaum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mehta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>97</volume>
<page-range>534-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acute pain management. Programs in U.S. hospitals and experiences and attitudes among U.S. adults]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Warfield]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kahn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Anesthesiology]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>83</volume>
<page-range>1090-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[No evidence of real progress in treatment of acute pain, 1993-2012: scientometric analysis.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correll]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vlassakov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kissin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Pain Res]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>199-210</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esteve]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ribera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garrido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Treating acute postoperative pain: evaluation of results on the surgical ward.]]></article-title>
<collab>Grupo de Trabajo de Prevalencia del Dolor Agudo Postoperatorio</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>353-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predictors of acute postoperative pain after elective surgery]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sommer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Rijke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Kleef]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kessels]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Geurts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Clin J Pain]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>87-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pain intensity on the first day after surgery: a prospective cohort study comparing 179 surgical procedures.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gerbershagen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aduckathil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van-Wijck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peelen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalkman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meissner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Anesthesiology]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>118</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>934-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Implantación de la gestión por procesos en una Unidad de Dolor Agudo. Capítulo VI]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esteve]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Protocolos y Guías de Práctica Clínica en el Dolor Agudo Postoperatorio]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Procedure-specific risk factor analysis for the development of severe postoperative pain]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gerbershagen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pogatzki-Zahn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aduckathil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peelen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kappen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Wijck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Anesthesiology]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>120</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1237-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Management of postoperative pain: A clinical practice guideline from the American Pain Society, the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists&amp;apos; Committee on Regional Anesthesia, Executive Committee, and Administrative Council]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gordon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Leon-Casasola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[OA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bickler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brennan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Pain]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>131-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Research gaps in practice guidelines for acute postoperative pain management in adults: Findings from a review of the evidence for an American Pain Society Clinical Practice Guideline]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gordon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Leon-Casasola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[OA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sluka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brennan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Pain]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>158-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Current issues in postoperative pain management]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rawal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Anaesthesiol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>160-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The study on the development of new analgesics over the past 50 years: A lack of real breakthrough drugs]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kissin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>110</volume>
<page-range>780-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Optimizing pain management to facilitate Enhanced Recovery After Surgery pathways]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Law]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Can J Anaesth]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>203-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multimodal pain management and the future of a personalized medicine approach to pain]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manworren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[AORN J]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>101</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>308-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Perioperative Opioids and Public Health]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kharasch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ED]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brunt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Anesthesiology]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>124</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>960-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Current postoperative pain management protocols contribute to the opioid epidemic in the united states]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kelly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ)]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>^s10</numero>
<issue>^s10</issue>
<supplement>10</supplement>
<page-range>S5-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Liberal long-term opioid prescription-more pain than gain?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romundstad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niemi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Anaesthesiol Scand]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>555-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Opioids prescribed after low-risk surgical procedures in the United States, 2004-2012]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wunsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wijeysundera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Passarella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neuman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>315</volume>
<numero>15</numero>
<issue>15</issue>
<page-range>1654-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Long-term pattern of opioid prescriptions after femoral shaft fractures]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al Dabbagh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jansson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KÅ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stiller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montgomery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weiss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Anaesthesiol Scand]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>634-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rates and risk factors for prolonged opioid use after major surgery: Population based cohort study]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clarke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soneji]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wijeysundera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>348</volume>
<page-range>g1251</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Costs and consequences: A review of discharge opioid prescribing for ongoing management of acute pain]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macintyre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huxtable]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flint]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dobbin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Anaesth Intensive Care]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>558-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evidence-based surgical care and the evolution of fast-track surgery]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kehlet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilmore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Surg]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>248</volume>
<page-range>189-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fast-track colorectal surgery: Protocol adherence influences postoperative outcomes]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feroci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baraghini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vannucchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cantafio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scatizzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Colorectal Dis]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>103-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Meta-analysis: Postoperative pain management in colorectal surgical patients and the effects on length of stay in an ERAS setting]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chemali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eslick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GD.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Clin J Pain]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) for gastrointestinal surgery, part 2: Consensus statement for anaesthesia practice]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feldheiser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aziz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baldini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cox]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fearon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feldman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Anaesthesiol Scand]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>289-334</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hospital analgesia practices and patient-reported pain after colorectal resection.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Regenbogen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mullard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brooks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Englesbe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campbell Jr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Surg]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Defining new directions for more effective management of surgical pain in the United States: Highlights of the inaugural Surgical Pain Congress(tm)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joshi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Emerson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Halaszynski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jahr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lipman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Am Surg]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>80</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>219-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multimodal pain management and the future of a personalized medicine approach to pain]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manworren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[AORN J]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>101</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>308-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Paracetamol and selective and non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the reduction in morphine-related side-effects after major surgery: A systematic review]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maund]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[British Journal of Anaesthesia]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>106</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>292-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Epidural local anaesthetics versus opioid-based analgesic regimens for postoperative gastrointestinal paralysis, vomiting and pain after abdominal surgery]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nishimori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kopp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>CD001893</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of epidural analgesia on mortality and morbidity after surgery: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pöpping]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Aken]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marret]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schug]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kranke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Surg]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>259</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1056-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Laparoscopy for colectomy accelerates restoration of bowel function when using patient controlled analgesia]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Can J Anaesth]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>544-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Randomized clinical trial on epidural versus patient-controlled analgesia for laparoscopic colorectal surgery within an enhanced recovery pathway]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hübner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blanc]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roulin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winiker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gander]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Demartines]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Surg]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>261</volume>
<page-range>648-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Can intravenous patient-controlled analgesia be omitted in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Choi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yeo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Surg Treat Res]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>88</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>86-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Continuous intravenous perioperative lidocaine infusion for postoperative pain and recovery]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kranke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jokinen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pace]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schnabel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hollmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hahnenkamp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>CD009642</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of pregabalin on acute and persistent postoperative pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mishriky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waldron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Habib]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Anaesth]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>114</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>10-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Systematic review and meta-analysis of continuous local anaesthetic wound infiltration versus epidural analgesia for postoperative pain following abdominal surgery]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ventham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hughes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O'Neill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johns]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brady]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wigmore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Surg]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>100</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1280-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Local wound infiltration plus transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block versus local wound infiltration in laparoscopic colorectal surgery and ERAS program]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedrazzani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menestrina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brazzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mantovani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Polati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Surg Endosc]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>5117-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block in adult patients: A meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baeriswyl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirkham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kern]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albrecht]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>121</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1640-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sublingual sufentanil: A review in acute postoperative pain]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frampton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Drugs]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>76</volume>
<page-range>719-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sublingual sufentanil, a new opportunity for the improvement of postoprative pain management in Italy]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sacerdote]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coluzzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fanelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>1411-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ease-of-care from the physical therapists' perspective comparing fentanyl iontophoretic transdermal system versus morphine intravenous patient-controlled analgesia in postoperative pain management]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hartrick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abraham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ding]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Comp Eff Res]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fentanyl iontophoretic transdermal system: A review in acute postoperative pain]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Drug Investig]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>321-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
