<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1134-8046</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de la Sociedad Española del Dolor]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1134-8046</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Inspira Network Group, S.L ]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1134-80462020000100006</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20986/resed.2020.3747/2019</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efectividad de la analgesia controlada por el paciente en el dolor agudo y crónico después de cirugía cardiaca: estudio prospectivo]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effectiveness of patient-controlled analgesia in acute and chronic pain after cardiac surgery: a prospective study]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esteve-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iborra-Escalona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sansaloni-Perelló]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verger-Bennasar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tejada-Gavela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3b"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riera-Sagrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora-Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LC]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario Son Espases Servicio de Anestesia, Reanimación y Terapia del Dolor ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Palma de Mallorca ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Palma de Mallorca ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A3a">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de las Islas Baleares Departamento de Biología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Palma de Mallorca ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A3b">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario Son Espases Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Palma de Mallorca ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario Son Espases Servicio de Anestesia, Reanimación y Terapia del Dolor ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Palma de Mallorca ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>24</fpage>
<lpage>36</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1134-80462020000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1134-80462020000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1134-80462020000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción: La intensidad del dolor postoperatorio moderado-intenso después de una cirugía cardiaca (CC) varía, según los estudios, de un 45 a un 85 %. No existe evidencia sobre cuál es la pauta analgésica óptima en el postoperatorio de estos pacientes. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la efectividad de la aplicación de un protocolo analgésico multimodal, basado en la analgesia controlada por el paciente (PCA) con morfina, en pacientes sometidos a CC con circulación extracorpórea (CEC).  Pacientes y métodos: Estudio prospectivo de todos los pacientes sometidos a CC con CEC, durante los primeros 3 días del postoperatorio (DPO). Se incluyeron 102 pacientes en dos periodos, noviembre de 2016, con analgesia convencional (AC) y enero-febrero de 2017 con PCA.  Resultados: El dolor en reposo se mantuvo controlado (mediana escala numérica &lt; 3). Se registró un 27 % de pacientes con dolor moderado e intenso. No hubo diferencias en la intensidad del dolor entre los pacientes con AC y los de PCA. El grupo de PCA precisó menos analgesia de rescate (63 vs. 44 %, p = 0,0487). La incidencia de dolor crónico postquirúrgico fue de un 39 % a los tres meses y un 3 % al año. El dolor y la ansiedad preoperatorios se correlacionaron con la intensidad del dolor dinámico (r = 0,287, p = 0,03).  Conclusiones: La PCA con opioides a demanda y analgesia multimodal es una alternativa efectiva después de la CC. Se obtiene un buen control del dolor postoperatorio sin incrementar los efectos adversos y precisando menos analgesia de rescate administrada por enfermería.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction: The intensity of postoperative moderate/intense pain after cardiac surgery (CC), varies according to the different studies, from 45 % to 85 %. There is no evidence about which is the optimal analgesic regimen in the postoperative period. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of a multimodal analgesic protocol, based on patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with morphine, in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation (ECC).  Patients and methods: Prospective observational study of all patients undergoing CS with ECC, during the first 3 days postoperatively. There were included 102 patients in two periods, first, in November 2016 with conventional analgesia and second, in January - February 2017 with PCA.  Results: The pain at rest was controlled (median numerical scale &lt;3). An average of 27 % of moderate and intense pain was recorded. There was no difference in pain intensity between patients with CA and those with PCA. The PCA group required less rescue analgesia in the first postoperative days (63 % vs. 44 % p = 0.0487). The incidence of Post-surgical Chronic Pain was 39 % at three months, and 3 % at one year. There was a correlation between preoperative pain and anxiety with the intensity of the dynamic pain (r = 0.287, p = 0.03).  Conclusions: PCA with on-demand opioids and multimodal analgesia is an effective alternative after cardiac surgery. Good control of postoperative pain is obtained without increasing adverse effects, and requiring less rescue analgesia administered by the nursing staff.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Analgesia postoperatoria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cirugía cardiaca]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[analgesia multimodal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[analgesia controlada por el paciente (PCA)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Postoperative Analgesia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cardiac surgery]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[multimodal analgesia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[patient controlled analgesia (PCA)]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kehlet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Postoperative pain, analgesia, and recovery-bedfellows that cannot be ignored]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pain]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>159</volume>
<numero>Suppl 1</numero>
<issue>Suppl 1</issue>
<page-range>S11-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rawal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Current issues in postoperative pain management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Anaesthesiol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>160-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gewandter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dworkin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farrar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fillingim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gilron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Research design considerations for chronic pain prevention clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pain]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>156</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>1184-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peláez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hortal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riesgo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tratamiento del dolor postoperatorio en cirugía cardíaca]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>474-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rafiq]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steinbrüchel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wanscher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lilleoer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multimodal analgesia versus traditional opiate based analgesia after cardiac surgery, a randomized controlled trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Cardiothorac Surg]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navarro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Irigoyen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carlos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V De]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elizondo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Indurain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación del dolor postoperatorio agudo tras cirugía cardiaca]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Enferm Intensiva]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>150-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keawnantawat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thanasilp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Preechawong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Translation and Validation of the Thai Version of a Modified Brief Pain Inventory: A Concise Instrument for Pain Assessment in Postoperative Cardiac Surgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pain Pract]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>763-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bjørnnes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rustøen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watt-Watson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leegaard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pain characteristics and analgesic intake before and following cardiac surgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>47-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bignami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pota]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saglietti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scognamiglio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trumello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Perioperative pain management in cardiac surgery: a systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Minerva Anestesiol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>84</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>488-503</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Badia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muriel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gracia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Núñez-Olarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perulero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gálvez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Validation of the Spanish version of the Brief Pain Inventory in patients with oncological pain]]></article-title>
<collab>Grupo Vesbpi</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Med Clin (Barc)]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>120</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>52-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díez-Alvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arrospide]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuesta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M del C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beitia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessment of acute postoperative pain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Calid Asist]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>215-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Escalada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muriel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodriguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contreras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barutell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Validation of the Lattinen Index for the assessment of chronic pain patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Soc Esp Dolor]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>181-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dogan Baki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kavrut Ozturk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ayoglu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RU]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Emmiler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karsl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uzel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of Parasternal Block on Acute and Chronic Pain in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Surgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>205-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Regenbogen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mullard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brooks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Englesbe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campbell Jr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hospital Analgesia Practices and Patient-reported Pain After Colorectal Resection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Surg]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>264</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1044-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McEvoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gordon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thacker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JKM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[American Society for Enhanced Recovery (ASER) and Perioperative Quality Initiative (POQI) joint consensus statement on optimal analgesia within an enhanced recovery pathway for colorectal surgery: part 1-from the preoperative period to PACU]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Perioper Med (Lond)]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pain locations in the postoperative period after cardiac surgery: Chronology of pain and response to treatment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>391-400</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skapinakis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahmed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stefanou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ashrafian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Darzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The association between preoperative pain catastrophizing and postoperative pain intensity in cardiac surgery patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pain Med]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>820-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruetzler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blome]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nabecker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Makarova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fischer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rinoesl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A randomised trial of oral versus intravenous opioids for treatment of pain after cardiac surgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Anesth]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>580-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mota]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marcolan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Milanez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dallan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diccini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison study of two different patient-controlled anesthesia regiments after cardiac surgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>38-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bainbridge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Novick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[NSAID-analgesia, pain control and morbidity in cardiothoracic surgery]]></article-title>
<collab>Evidence-Based Perioperative Clinical Outcomes Research (EPiCOR) Group</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Can J Anaesth]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>46-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nachiyunde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The efficacy of different modes of analgesia in postoperative pain management and early mobilization in postoperative cardiac surgical patients: A systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Card Anaesth]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>363-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Su]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The impact of patient-controlled analgesia on prognosis of patients receiving major abdominal surgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Minerva Anestesiol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>82</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>827-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ziyaeifard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azarfarin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Golzari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Review of Current Analgesic Techniques in Cardiac Surgery Is Epidural Worth it?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Cardiovasc Thorac Res]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>133-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rovira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Analgesia postoperatoria para cirugía cardiaca mínimamente invasiva: ¿cuál es la técnica ideal?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>467-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jakobsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[High thoracic epidural in cardiac anesthesia: a review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>38-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joshi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jagadeesh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efficacy of perioperative pregabalin in acute and chronic post-operative pain after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery: a randomized, double-blind placebo controlled trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Card Anaesth]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>180-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruetzler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blome]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nabecker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Makarova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fischer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rinoesl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A randomised trial of oral versus intravenous opioids for treatment of pain after cardiac surgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Anesth]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>580-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karmakar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Local anaesthetic toxicity after bilateral thoracic paravertebral block in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anaesth Intensive Care]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>615-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gjeilo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stenseth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klepstad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Risk Factors and Early Pharmacological Interventions to Prevent Chronic Postsurgical Pain Following Cardiac Surgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Cardiovasc Drugs]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>335-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoogd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S de]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valkenburg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dongen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EPA van]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daeter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosmalen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J van]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Short- and long-term impact of remifentanil on thermal detection and pain thresholds after cardiac surgery: A randomised controlled trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Anaesthesiol]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>32-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lahtinen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kokki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hynynen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pain after cardiac surgery: A prospective cohort study of 1-year incidence and intensity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesthesiology]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>105</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>794-800</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Setälä]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalliomäki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Järvelä]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huhtala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sisto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Puolakka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Postoperative hyperalgesia does not predict persistent post-sternotomy pain; observational study based on clinical examination]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Anaesthesiol Scand]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>520-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoogd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S de]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahlers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJGM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dongen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EPA van]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EMW van de]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daeter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Randomized controlled trial on the influence of intraoperative remifentanil versus fentanyl on acute and chronic pain after cardiac surgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pain Pract]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>443-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
