<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1134-8046</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de la Sociedad Española del Dolor]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1134-8046</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Inspira Network Group, S.L ]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1134-80462020000300008</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20986/resed.2020.3821/2020</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Sociedad Española del Dolor (SED). Recomendaciones asistenciales para unidades de dolor ante la normalización progresiva de la actividad durante la pandemia por COVID-19]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Spanish Pain Society (SPS). Healthcare recommendations for pain units in the face of progressive normalization of activity during the COVID-19 pandemic]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayoral Rojals]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez Cajaraville]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Canós Verdecho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge Unidad de Dolor ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Barcelona]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario de la Princesa Unidad de Dolor ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,HM Hospitales Unidad de Dolor ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe Unidad de Dolor ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Valencia ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>192</fpage>
<lpage>215</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1134-80462020000300008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1134-80462020000300008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1134-80462020000300008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción: La infección por SARS-CoV-2 es una nueva infección viral que ha emergido en forma de pandemia, con un espectro clínico respiratorio y multisistémico, que ocasiona una elevada morbimortalidad. Su rápida expansión es dependiente de la ausencia de exposición e inmunidad previas, la ausencia de vacuna y de tratamientos específicos, y de un mecanismo de transmisión por vía respiratoria y contacto con mucosas y proximidad entre los individuos, incluso asintomáticos. La necesidad de protección sobre la población y sus profesionales sanitarios obliga a establecer protocolos de control y prevención de exposiciones. Una de las nuevas situaciones generadas es el restablecimiento de la actividad asistencial en condiciones de seguridad, que en muchos casos son específicas de cada especialidad.  Objetivo: Elaborar un documento de recomendaciones clínicas y de gestión que oriente a los gestores y personal asistencial de las unidades de dolor sobre cómo afrontar el retorno escalonado a la labor asistencial con la mejor evidencia disponible. El documento tiene en cuenta la seguridad de los pacientes y profesionales en el contexto de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2, aunque reconocemos que el entorno cambiante puede modificar en un futuro cercano las recomendaciones.  Metodología: Tras una revisión narrativa de la literatura en PubMed, Google Scholar, y recomendaciones de autoridades competentes y sociedades científicas, la Sociedad Española del Dolor publicó un primer documento (V1.0) el 21 de abril del 2020 en su web (https://www.sedolor.es) que fue compartido con los socios y presidentes de las sociedades autonómicas de dolor, dejando abierta la posibilidad para su mejora a través de un correo (posicionamiento.covid.sed@sedolor.es), donde se han recibido sugerencias hasta la Versión 2.1, publicada el 13 de mayo de 2020. Algunos socios también se han dirigido directamente a la junta directiva y sus aportaciones han sido asimismo evaluadas e incorporadas cuando ha sido posible. El presente documento está basado en esta última versión.  Resultados: El documento ofrece una serie de recomendaciones generales y otras adaptadas a los diferentes entornos asistenciales, desde la asistencia telemática a la organización de los espacios físicos de consulta, como la atención hospitalaria, las salas de técnicas o el quirófano. Las recomendaciones contemplan desde las medidas higiénicas y protección al diagnóstico de la enfermedad, la categorización del riesgo, las modificaciones en las opciones farmacológicas y técnicas analgésicas disponibles, así como un documento de acompañamiento al consentimiento informado.  Conclusiones: Una nueva realidad asistencial se está imponiendo. Esta realidad no solo pasa por unos estándares de seguridad adaptados a la contagiosidad y otros efectos del virus, si no también a un nuevo modelo asistencial que incorpore las herramientas telemáticas con seguridad tecnológica y un adecuado marco legal. Las secuelas biológicas y psicológicas deletéreas del virus sobre los pacientes con dolor aún no han sido esclarecidas plenamente por lo que debemos estar atentos, previniendo y tratando dicha posibilidad.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 infection is a new viral infection that has emerged in the form of a pandemic, with a respiratory and multisystemic clinical spectrum, which causes high morbidity and mortality. Its rapid expansion is dependent on the absence of previous exposure and immunity, the absence of a vaccine and specific treatments, as well as its mechanism of air transmission and contact with mucous membranes, including asymptomatic individuals. The need for protection on the population and its health professionals requires the establishment of exposure and prevention protocols. One of the new situations generated is the need for a safe return to normal healthcare activities, which in many cases are specific to each specialty.  Objective: To elaborate a document of clinical and management recommendations to guide managers and staff of pain units on how to face the staggered return to normal care with the best available evidence. The document takes into account the safety of patients and professionals in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, although we recognize that the changing environment may change the recommendations in the near future.  Methodology: After a narrative review of the literature on PubMed , Google Scholar, and recommendations of competent authorities and scientific societies, The Spanish Pain Society published a first document (V1.0) on April 21st 2020 into its WEB (https://www.sedolor.es), which was shared with the members of the society as well as the presidents of the Spanish autonomous pain societies, leaving open the possibility for improvement through an email posicionamiento.covid.sed@sedolor.es, where suggestions have been received up to Version 2.1 published on May 13th, 2020. Some partners have also addressed the board of directors directly and their contributions have also been evaluated and incorporated when possible. This document is based on this latest version.  Results: The document offers a series of general recommendations and others adapted to the different healthcare settings, from telematic assistance to the organization of physical consultation spaces, hospital care, interventional rooms and operating theaters. The recommendations cover from the hygienic measures and protection, to the diagnosis of the disease, risk categorization, the potential modifications in the pharmacological options and available analgesic techniques, as well as an accompanying document to the informed consent.  Conclusions: A new healthcare reality is prevailing. This reality not only goes through security standards adapted to the contagiousness and other consequences of the virus, but also a new healthcare model that incorporates telematic tools with technological security and an adequate legal framework. The deleterious biological and psychological consequences of the virus on pain patients have not yet been fully clarified, so we must be vigilant, preventing and treating this possibility.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[coronavirus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pain units]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[preventive measures]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Spanish Pain Society]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sanitary de-escalation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[coronavirus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[unidades de dolor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[medidas preventivas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Sociedad Española del Dolor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desescalada sanitaria]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>PROMIR España</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Actualización en el Estado del arte del COVID-19 e impacto en el MIR]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Centro de Coordinación de Alertas y Emergencias Sanitarias</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Enfermedad por coronavirus, COVID-19]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ministerio de Sanidad]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control</collab>
<source><![CDATA[COVID-19 situation update for the EU/EEA and the UK, as of 26 May 2020]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[European Centro for Disease Prevention and Control]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Asociación Española de Cirujanos, Sociedad Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Sociedad Española de Medicina Preventiva, Salud Pública e Higiene, Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica, Asociación Española de Enfermería Quirúrgica</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Recomendaciones para la programación de cirugía en condiciones de seguridad durante el periodo de transición de la pandemia COVID-19]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ministerio de Sanidad]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Eur-Lex</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Hoja de ruta común europea para el levantamiento de las medidas de contención de la COVID-19 2020/C 126/01 C/2020/2419]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Unión Europea]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kissler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tedijanto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goldstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lipsitch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Projecting the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 through the postpandemic period]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>368</volume>
<numero>6493</numero>
<issue>6493</issue>
<page-range>860-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Infection prevention and control and preparedness for COVID-19 in healthcare settings]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ECDC Technical Report]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Sociedad Española de Medicina Preventiva, Sociedad Española de Salud y Seguridad en el Trabajo, Consejo General de Colegios Oficiales de Médicos, Consejo General de Enfermería</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Prevención y control de la infección en el manejo de pacientes con COVID-19]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gobierno de España]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Ministerio de Sanidad</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Recomendaciones del uso de mascarillas en la comunidad en el contexto de COVID-19]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gobierno de España]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Asociación Española de Pediatría</collab>
<collab>Sociedad Española de Infectología Pediátrica,</collab>
<collab>Sociedad Española de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos</collab>
<collab>Sociedad Española de Medicina de Urgencias y Emergencias</collab>
<collab>Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna</collab>
<collab>Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica</collab>
<collab>Sociedad Española de Medicina Tropical y Salud Internacional</collab>
<collab>Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica</collab>
<collab>Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva, Crítica y Unidades Coronarias</collab>
<collab>Sociedad Española de Medicina Preventiva. Salud Pública e Higiene</collab>
<collab>Sociedad Española de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor</collab>
<collab>Sociedad Española de Farmacología Clínica</collab>
<collab>Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria</collab>
<collab>Sociedad Española de Inmunología</collab>
<collab>Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios</collab>
<collab>Dirección General de Cartera Básica de Servicios del SNS y Farmacia</collab>
<collab>Consejo General de Colegios Oficiales de Médicos</collab>
<collab>Consejo General de Enfermería</collab>
<collab>Asociación de Especialistas en Enfermería del Trabajo</collab>
<collab>Asociación Española de Enfermería de Prevención y Control de Infecciones</collab>
<collab>Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Manejo clínico del COVID-19: atención hospitalaria]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gobierno de España]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>European Pain Federation</collab>
<source><![CDATA[EFIC COVID-19 Task Force]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[EFIC]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shanthanna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Provenzano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lobo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eldabe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhatia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Caring for patients with pain during the COVID-19 pandemic: consensus recommendations from an international expert panel]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anaesthesia]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ley Orgánica 3/2018, de 5 de diciembre, de Protección de Datos Personales y garantía de los derechos digitales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BOE]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<numero>294</numero>
<issue>294</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ley 41/2002, de 14 de diciembre, básica reguladora de la autonomía del paciente y de los derechos y obligaciones en material de información y documentación clínica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BOE]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<numero>274</numero>
<issue>274</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flórez García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aboitiz Cantalapiedra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez Manzanero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Echávarri Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Programas de ejercicios]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Me rehabilito en casa]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hilty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parish]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Callahan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yellowlees]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Effectiveness of Telemental Health: A 2013 Review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Telemed E-health]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>444-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eccleston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fisher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Craig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duggan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keogh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Psychological therapies (Internet-delivered) for the management of chronic pain in adults (Review)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Db Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>2014</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WX]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YQ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ZS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efficacy of Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for the management of chronic pain in children and adolescents]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medicine (Baltimore)]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>97</volume>
<numero>36</numero>
<issue>36</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de Sanidad</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Documentos técnicos para profesionales]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rahmé]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Twitter]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Rapid Risk Assessment: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the EU/EEA and the UK- ninth update]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sethuraman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jeremiah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ryo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interpreting Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>323</volume>
<numero>18</numero>
<issue>18</issue>
<page-range>1843-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>FIND</collab>
<source><![CDATA[COVID-19 Diagnostic Resource Center]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yuan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Su]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients of novel coronavirus disease 2019]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Ministerio de Sanidad</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Interpretación de las pruebas diagnósticas frente a SARS-CoV-2]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ministerio de Salud, Consumo y Bienestar Social]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>World Health Organization</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Laboratory testing for 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in suspected human cases]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Sociedad Española del Dolor</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Check list COVID-19/Sociedad Española del Dolor]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>American Society of Interventional Pain Physycians</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Checklist and risk stratification for opening of interventional pain management practices]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Sociedad Española del Dolor</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Adaptación SED al español de la Estratificación de riesgo ASIPP para pacientes candidatos a procedimientos de dolor intervencionista]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Sempere]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Núñez Palomo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castello Jurado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lomeña Villalobos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Amezua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres Maese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Herramienta de apoyo al diagnóstico de COVID-19]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Col·legi de Metges de Barcelona</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Plataforma para compartir copias de recetas privadas en papel: cómo enviar fotos de las recetas en papel de la asistencia médica privada]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>REMPe</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Receta médica privada electrónica]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Confederación Española de Familias de personas sordas</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Cómo hablar con una persona sorda]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Sociedad Española de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Recomendación para el manejo intraoperatorio de pacientes con sospecha o confirmación de infección por coronavirus COVID-19]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Infection prevention and control and preparedness for COVID-19 in healthcare settings - third update]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Instituto Nacional De Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo</collab>
<collab>Centro Nacional de Medios de Protección, Inspección de Trabajo y Seguridad Social</collab>
<collab>Sociedad Española de Medicina y Seguridad en el Trabajo</collab>
<collab>Asociación Española de Especialistas en Medicina del Trabajo</collab>
<collab>Asociación Nacional de Medicina del Trabajo en el Ámbito Sanitario</collab>
<collab>Sociedad Española de Salud Laboral en la Administración Pública</collab>
<collab>Federación Española de Enfermería del Trabajo</collab>
<collab>Asociación de Especialistas en Enfermería del Trabajo</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Procedimiento de actuación para los servicios de prevención de riesgos laborales frente la exposición al SARS-CoV-2]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ministerio de Sanidad]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Sacyl</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Recomendaciones equipos de protección según lugar y actividad ante caso posible o confirmado de COVID-19]]></source>
<year></year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Junta de Castilla y León]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shanthanna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Provenzano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lobo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eldabe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhatia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Caring for patients with pain during the COVID-19 pandemic: consensus recommendations from an international expert panel]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anaesthesia]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>41</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shanthanna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cohen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lobo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eldabe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhatia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Recommendation of chronic pain practice during the COVID-19 pandemic]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicina]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<label>42</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schieber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ayres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Thermoregulation as a disease tolerance defense strategy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pathog Dis]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>74</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<label>43</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Repasky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fisher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fever and the thermal regulation of immunity the immune system feels the heat]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Rev Immunol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>335-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<label>44</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[FMP response to concern related to the safety of steroids injected as part of pain procedures during the current COVID-19 virus pandemic]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Faculty of Pain Medicine of the Royal College of Anaesthetists]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<label>45</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fascia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dalili]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rennie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rowbothan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The safety of corticosteroid injections during the COVID-19 global pandemic]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[British Society of Skeletal Radiologists]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<label>46</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Popescu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<collab>the Spine Intervention Society's Patient Safety Committee</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Spinal Injections in Immunosuppressed Patients and the Risks Associated with Procedural Care: To Inject or Not to Inject?]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Spine Intervention Society]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<label>47</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mattie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saffarian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schneider]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Corticosteroid Injections and COVID-19 Infection Risk]]></source>
<year></year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Spine Intervention Society]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<label>48</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens (AINS) et complications infectieuses graves]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Agence Nationalede sécurité du médicament et des produits de santé]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<label>49</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[EMA gives advice on the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatories for COVID-19]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[European Medicines Agency Science Medicines Health]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<label>50</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diasso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PDK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Birke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nielsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Main]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Højsted]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sjøgren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effects of long-term opioid treatment on the immune system in chronic non-cancer pain patients A systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Pain]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>481-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<label>51</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Documento de preguntas y respuestas en torno al uso terapéutico no sustitutivo de plasma autólogo y sus fracciones, componentes o derivados]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Agencias Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<label>52</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Clinical trial]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[US National Library of Medicine]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<label>53</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Papadakos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vives]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrando]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dos terapias conocidas podrían ser efectivas como adyuvantes en el paciente crítico infectado por COVID-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>245-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<label>54</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Uso Potencial del Ozono en SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[International Scientific Committee of Ozone Therapy]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<label>55</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oshima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deitiker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jankovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aoki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atassi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MZ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Human T-cell responses to botulinum neurotoxin. Responses in vitro of lymphocytes from patients with cervical dystonia and/or other movement disorders treated with BoNT/A or BoNT/B]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Neuroimmunol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<numero>240-241</numero>
<issue>240-241</issue>
<page-range>121-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<label>56</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kandasamy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Perspectives for the use of therapeutic Botulinum toxin as a multifaceted candidate drug to attenuate COVID-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Drug Discov]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<label>57</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Save lives: clean your hands]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[World Health Organization]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<label>58</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Folgueira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Munoz-Ruiperez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso-Lopez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 infection in Health Care Workers in a large public hospital in Madrid, Spain, during March 2020]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medrxiv]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<label>59</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Estudio Nacional de sero-Epidemiología de la Infección por SARS-CoV-2 en España (ENE-Covid)]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ministerio de Sanidad]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<label>60</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public: When and how to use masks]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[World Health Organization]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<label>61</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paniagua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Siete tipos de mascarillas para combatir el coronavirus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ElPeriodico]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<label>62</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Universidad de Navarra</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Colocación, retirada y reutilización de la mascarilla]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<label>63</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Guidance for wearing and removing personal protective equipment in healthcare settings for the care of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[European Centre for Disease Prevention and Contro]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<label>64</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Sacyl</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Recomendaciones para limpieza y desinfección de pantallas faciales]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Junta de Castilla y León]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<label>65</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de Sanidad</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Productos virucidas autorzados en España]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
