<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1134-8046</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de la Sociedad Española del Dolor]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1134-8046</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Inspira Network Group, S.L ]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1134-80462021000500232</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20986/resed.2021.3917/2021</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El problema no resuelto del dolor postoperatorio: análisis crítico y propuestas de mejora]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The unsolved problem of postoperative pain: critical analysis and prospects for improvement]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ribera Leclerc]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montes Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monerris Tabasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez Herrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[del Río Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López Pais]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario Son Espases Servicio de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Palma Islas Baleares]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Sociedad Española del Dolor Grupo de Trabajo de Dolor Agudo ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital del Mar Servicio de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol Servicio de Antesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Badalona, Barcelona ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Clínico Universitario Servicio de Anestasiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Valladolid ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela Servicio de Antesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[A Coruña ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario Clínico Santiago de Compostela Unidad del Dolor ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santiago de Compostela ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>232</fpage>
<lpage>238</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1134-80462021000500232&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1134-80462021000500232&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1134-80462021000500232&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Anualmente se ha observado un ascenso del 5 % en la intervenciones quirúrgicas realizadas mundialmente, junto con un incremento en la complejidad de las mismas, así como en la comorbilidades de los pacientes. No obstante, entre el 30-80 % de los pacientes experimentan dolor agudo postoperatorio (DAP) mode­rado-intenso tras las primeras 24 horas de postoperatorio, a pesar de un mejor conocimiento fisiopatológico, el empleo de nuevas técnicas y fármacos analgésicos, la publicación de nuevas guías y la creación de las Unidades de Dolor Agudo (UDA). Además, hemos de tener presente a los pacientes vulnerables (población pediátrica, gestantes, ancianos, etc.) y a los consumidores crónicos de opioides, que habitualmente son desviaciones de los protocolos analgésicos y, por tanto, nos sitúan en un escenario en el que el manejo del dolor postoperatorio es más difícil y obliga al diseño de estrategias personalizadas a cada paciente. Se ha de tener también presente que un inadecuado control del DAP puede dar lugar a una cronificación del dolor postoperatorio, suponiendo un auténtico reto te­rapéutico para las unidades de dolor crónico, junto con un deterioro de la calidad de vida del paciente debido a sus repercusiones físicas, psicológicas y económicas. A través de este manuscrito, pretendemos realizar un análisis crítico y proponer puntos de mejora en la forma en la que gestionamos actualmente el DAP, basándonos en la evidencia científica para la obtención de mejores resultados postoperatorios en los próximos años.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Annually, a 5 % rise has been observed in surgical interventions performed worldwide, together with an increase in their complexity as well as in patient comorbidities. However, between 30-80 % of patients experience moderate-intense acute postoperative pain (APD) after the first 24 postoperative hours, despite better pathophysiological knowledge, use of new techniques and analgesic drugs, publication of new guidelines and the creation of the Acute Pain Units (UDA). In addition, we must bear in mind vulnerable patients (pediatric population, pregnant women, the elderly, ...) and chronic opioid users who are usually deviations from analgesic protocols and, therefore, place us in a scenario in which the management of Postoperative pain is more difficult and requires the design of personalized strategies for each patient. It must also be borne in mind that inadequate PDA control can lead to chronic postoperative pain, posing a real therapeutic challenge for Chronic Pain Units, toge­ther with a deterioration in the patient's quality of life due to its physical repercussions, psychological and economic. Through this manuscript, we intend to carry out a critical analysis and propose points for improvement in the way we currently manage DAP based on scientific evidence to obtain better postoperative results in the coming years.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Dolor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[agudo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[postoperatorio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pain]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[acute]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[postoperative]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weiser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haynes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lipsitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esquivel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uribe-Leitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estimate of the global volumen of surgery in 2012: an assessment supporting improved health outcoomes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>385</volume>
<numero>Suppl 2</numero>
<issue>Suppl 2</issue>
<page-range>511</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meissner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coluzzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fletcher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huygen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morlion]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neugebauer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Improving the management of post-operative acute pain priorities for change]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Med Res Opin]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>2131-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correll]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vlassakov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kissin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[No evidence of real progress in treatment of acute pain, 1993-2012: scientometric analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Pain Res]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>199-210</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aubrun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nouette-Gaulain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fletcher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belbachir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beloeil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Revision of expert panel's guidelines on postoperative pain management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>405-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[IASP Task Force for the Classification of Chronic Pain in ICD-11 Prepares New Criteria on Postsurgical and Posttraumatic Pain]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MacIntyre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acute pain services - 20 years after Brian Ready where have we been Where are we going?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acute Pain]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>181-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dexter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macario]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Can an acute pain service be cost- effective]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>111</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>841-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zuccaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vellucci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarzi-Puttini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cherubino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Labianca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fornasari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Barriers to pain management: focus on opioid therapy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Drug Investig]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>Suppl. 1</numero>
<issue>Suppl. 1</issue>
<page-range>11-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tomson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van der Veer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Learning from practice variation to improve the quality of care]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Med (Lond)]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>19-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Powell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davies]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HTO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bannister]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MacRae]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Understanding the challenges of service change-learning from acute pain services in the UK]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JR Soc Med]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>102</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>62-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Werner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MU]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Søholm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rotbøll-Nielsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kehlet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Does an acute pain service improve postoperative outcome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>95</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1361-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schug]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joshi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kehlet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Procedure-specific pain management (PROSPECT) - an update]]></article-title>
<collab>PROSPECT Working Group</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>101-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[PROSPECT (Procedure Specific Postoperative Pain magement]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McGlynn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keesey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hicks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DeCris-tofaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The quality of health care delivered to adults in the United States]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>348</volume>
<numero>26</numero>
<issue>26</issue>
<page-range>2635-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barroso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez Hinarejos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monerris Tabasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Eroles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Optimización de la gestión del dolor postoperatorio basado en una nueva herramienta tecnológica. Mapa del dolor]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Soc Esp Dolor]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>154-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Polanco-Garcia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcia-Lopez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fabregas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meissner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Puig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Postoperative pain management in Spanish hospitals. A cohort study using the PAIN-OUT registry]]></article-title>
<collab>PAIN-OUT-Spain Consortium</collab>
<source><![CDATA[J Pain]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1237-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Institute of Medicine Committee on Advancing Pain Research C, and Education</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The National Academies Collection: reports funded by National Institutes of Health]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Relieving pain in America: a blueprint for transforming prevention, care, education, and research]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington (DC) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[National Academies Press (US) National Academy of Sciences]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gordon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Polomano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pellino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCracken]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sherwood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Revised American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire (APS-POQ-R) for Quality Improvement of Pain Management in Hospitalized Adults Preliminary Psychometric Evaluation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Pain]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1172-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rothaug]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaslansky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schwenkglenks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Komann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allvin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Backström]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Patients perception of postoperative pain management validation of the International Pain Outco-mes (IPO) questionnaire]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Pain]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1361-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stamer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[UM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mpasios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stuber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A survey of acute pain services in Germany and a discussion of international survey data]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Reg Anesth Pain Med]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>125-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rawal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acute pain services revisited-good from far, far from good]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Reg Anesth Pain Med]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>117-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benhamou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brodner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Andres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Draisci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno-Azcoita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Postoperative Analgesic THerapy Observational Survey (PATHOS) a practice pattern study in 7 central/southern European countries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pain]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>136</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>134-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Powell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davies]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HTO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bannister]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macrae]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Understan-ding the chal- lenges of service change - learning from acute pain services in the UK]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J R Soc Med]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>102</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>62-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romundstad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Breivik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Accelerated recovery program-mes should complement, not replace, the acute pain ser-vices]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Anaesthesiol Scand]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>672-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Margarit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mana-gement of postoperative pain in Spain a nationwide survey of practice]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Anesthesiol Scand]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>480-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weinrib]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fashler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katznelzon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ladak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Toronto General Hospital Transitional Pain Service development and imple- mentation of a multi-disciplinary program to prevent chronic postsurgical pain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Pain Res]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>695-702</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schug]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Halliwell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trinca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acute pain management scientific evidence, Fourth Edition, 2015]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med J Aust]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>204</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varadhan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dejong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CHC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fearon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ljungq-vist]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lobo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway for patients undergoing major elective open colorectal surgery a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>434-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nestler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hardinghaus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pogatz-ki-Zahn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zenz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Qualita&#8364;t der Schmerzthera-pie in deutschen Krankenha&#8364;usern]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dtsch Arztebl Int]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gerbershagen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aduckathil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Wijck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peelen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalkman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meissner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pain intensity on the first day after surgery a prospective cohort study comparing 179 surgical procedures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesthesiology]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>118</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>934-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MMH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hartley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ronksley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jetté]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Preoperative predictors of poor acute postoperative pain control a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ Open]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gerbershagen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pogatzki-Zahn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aduckathil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peelen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kappen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Wijck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Procedure-specific risk fac-tor analysis for the development of severe postoperative pain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesthesiology]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>120</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1237-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sjöling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nordahl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oloffson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asplund]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The impact of preoperative information on state anxiety, postopera-tive pain and satisfaction with pain management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Patient Educ Couns]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>169-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rafiq]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steinbrüchel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wanscher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bang Lilleoer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multimodal analgesia ver-sus traditional opiate based analgesia after cardiac sur-gery, a randomized controlled trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Cardiothorac Surg]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>9</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kharasch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ED]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Opioid-free Anesthesia Time to regain Our Balance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesthesiology]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>134</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>509-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Augustin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Banik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baumann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bestehorn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kieschke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Memorandum registry for health services research]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gesundheitswesen]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>824-39</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[European Charter of Patient's Rights]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
