<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1134-928X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Gerokomos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Gerokomos]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1134-928X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Española de Enfermería Geriátrica y Gerontológica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1134-928X2022000200009</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Modelo teórico y marcos conceptuales de las lesiones por presión y otras heridas crónicas. Historia y desarrollo]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Theoretical model and conceptual frameworks of pressure injuries and other chronic wounds. History and development]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco P]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Palma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soldevilla-Agreda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J Javier]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verdú-Soriano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pancorbo-Hidalgo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro L]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Jaén Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Departamento de Enfermería]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Jaén ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Residencia Geriátrica José Matía Calvo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cádiz ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Servicio Riojano de la Salud Centro de Salud Ausejo ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ausejo La Rioja]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Alicante Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Alicante ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Jaén Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Departamento de Enfermería]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Jaén ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Grupo Nacional para el Estudio y Asesoramiento en Úlceras por Presión y Heridas Crónicas Comité Director Director de la Cátedra de Estudios Avanzados en Heridas]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,Grupo Nacional para el Estudio y Asesoramiento en Úlceras por Presión y Heridas Crónicas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>105</fpage>
<lpage>110</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1134-928X2022000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1134-928X2022000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1134-928X2022000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El presente artículo hace un repaso histórico por los marcos conceptuales sobre las lesiones por presión y otros tipos de heridas crónicas. En esta revisión se presentan 4 de los modelos más influyentes y representativos de las últimas décadas: a) el modelo conceptual de Braden-Bergstrom, que se desarrolló en 1987 como base teórica para el desarrollo de la escala de Braden y que identifica los factores etiológicos definidos, el aumento de la presión y la disminución de la tolerancia de los tejidos; b) el modelo teórico de las lesiones cutáneas relacionadas con la dependencia, que analiza el principal marco teórico de estas lesiones crónicas, desde su origen en 2011, su difusión en 2014 y las últimas modificaciones realizadas en 2021, en las que ya se incluyen hasta 10 tipos de lesiones distintas; c) el modelo conceptual de la dermatitis asociada a la incontinencia, este modelo hace referencia a la más frecuente de todas las lesiones cutáneas asociadas a la humedad, la dermatitis asociada a la incontinencia, de la que se analizan sus dos grandes factores etiológicos, la sobrehidratación y el aumento del pH, y d) el modelo conceptual de las lesiones por compromiso vital grave, finalmente se analiza el último y más reciente de los modelos, el de las lesiones inevitables y que se dan en las personas cuya situación vital es extremadamente grave, e incluso son el anuncio de una muerte inminente, distinguiendo entre las lesiones por fracaso multiorgánico y las lesiones por vasoconstricción extrema.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT This article takes a historical review through the theoretical frameworks of pressure injuries and other chronic wounds. In this review, 4 of the most influential and representative models of the last decades are presented: a) the Braden-Bergstrom conceptual framework, developed in 1987 is presented as the theoretical basis for the development of the Braden scale and the defined etiological factors are identified: increased pressure and decreased tissue tolerance; b) the theoretical model of dependence-related skin lesions, the main theoretical model of these chronic lesions is also analyzed, from its origin in 2011, its dissemination in 2014 and the latest modifications made in 2021 in which up to ten different types of lesions are already included; c) the conceptual model of incontinence-associated dermatitis, this model analyzed refers to the most important of all moisture-associated skin lesions: incontinence-associated dermatitis, analyzing the two major etiological factors: overhydration and increased pH; and d) the conceptual model of severe life-threatening injuries, finally, the last and most recent model is analyzed, that of unavoidable injuries that occurin people whose life situation is extremely serious, and even heralds imminent death, distinguishing between multiorgan dysfunction syndrome skin injuries and skin injuries by extreme vasoconstriction.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Modelos teóricos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[marco conceptual]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[lesiones por presión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[heridas crónicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[historia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Theoretical models]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[conceptual framework]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pressure injuries]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[chronic wounds]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[history]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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