<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1134-928X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Gerokomos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Gerokomos]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1134-928X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Española de Enfermería Geriátrica y Gerontológica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1134-928X2023000400005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Las teorías de la felicidad en la vejez]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The theories of happiness in old age]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarabia-Cobo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carmen]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Cantabria Facultad de Enfermería Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santander ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>247</fpage>
<lpage>249</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1134-928X2023000400005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1134-928X2023000400005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1134-928X2023000400005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El envejecimiento de la población es una realidad en muchas partes del mundo, lo que genera un interés creciente por comprender el bienestar en la vejez y cómo se puede promover el bienestar en esta etapa de la vida. Este artículo examina las diversas teorías que intentan explicar el bienestar en la vejez y examina los factores que influyen en el bienestar subjetivo en la vejez. Además de las principales teorías que desarrollaremos, otros factores influyen en el bienestar en la vejez, como la salud física y mental, autoconceptos positivos, sentido de propósito y grado de autonomía. La presencia de enfermedades crónicas y discapacidades puede tener un impacto negativo en la salud, pero una actitud positiva y resiliencia pueden contrarrestar estos efectos. En conclusión, el bienestar en la vejez es el resultado de varios factores interrelacionados. Ser activo, establecer metas realistas, mantener relaciones significativas y mantener una actitud positiva son elementos clave para promover la felicidad en esta etapa de la vida. Comprender estas teorías y factores puede ayudar a diseñar intervenciones y políticas que promuevan vidas futuras felices y satisfactorias.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Population aging is a reality in many parts of the world, generating a growing interest in understanding well-being in old age and how well-being can be promoted at this stage of life. This article reviews the various theories that attempt to explain well-being in old age and examines the factors that influence subjective well-being in old age. In addition to the main theories that we will develop, other factors influence well-being in old age, such as physical and mental health, positive self-concepts, sense of purpose, and degree of autonomy. The presence of chronic diseases and disabilities can have a negative impact on health, but a positive attitude and resilience can counteract these effects. In conclusion, well-being in old age is the result of several interrelated factors. Being active, setting realistic goals, maintaining meaningful relationships, and maintaining a positive attitude are key elements in promoting happiness at this stage of life. Understanding these theories and factors can help design interventions and policies that promote happy and fulfilling future lives.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Envejecimiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bienestar emocional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[felicidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[salud mental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gerontología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Aging]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[emotional well-being]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[happiness]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mental health]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gerontology]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diener]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oishi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lucas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and life satisfaction]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Snyder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Handbook of positive psychology]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<page-range>463-72</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinquart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sörensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influences of socioeconomic status, social network, and competence on subjective well-being in later life: a meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psychol Aging]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>187-224</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reichardt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The role of positive emotions in human development: A review of research findings and theoretical perspectives]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New Ideas in Psychology]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<page-range>262-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diener]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MY]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Happy people live longer: Subjective well-being contributes to health and longevity: Health benefits of happiness]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Health Well Being]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>1-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schneider]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Income inequality and subjective wellbeing: Trends, challenges, and research directions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Happiness Stud]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>1719-39</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mejía]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ST]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ryan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzalez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Successful aging as the intersection of individual resources, age, environment, and experiences of well-being in daily activities]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<page-range>279-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A systematic review of the relationship between physical activity and happiness]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Happiness Stud]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>1305-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sheldon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Stability of happiness: Theories and evidence on whether happiness can change]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Elsevier]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dubner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The psychology and science of happiness: What does the research say?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Counseling &amp; Wellness: A Professional Counseling Journal]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>92-107</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bekhet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zauszniewski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakhla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Happiness: theoretical and empirical considerations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nurs Forum]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<page-range>12-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Easterlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sawangfa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Happiness and domain satisfaction: Theory and evidence]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Graaf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Temporary and long-term consequences of bereavement on happiness]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Happiness Stud]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>913-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dixit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Altruism, Happiness and Health among Elderly People]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Indian Journal of Gerontology]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<page-range>480-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greenawalt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goodwin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rathie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orsega-Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The development and implementation of the Art of Happiness intervention for community-dwelling older adults]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educ Gerontol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<page-range>1-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bar-Tur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fostering well-being in the elderly: Translating theories on Positive Aging to practical approaches]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front Med (Lausanne)]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>8</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bowling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ageing well: Quality of life in old age]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[UK ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw-Hill education]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wadensten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An analysis of psychosocial theories of ageing and their relevance to practical gerontological nursing in Sweden]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scand J Caring Sci]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>347-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tanzer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Feeling Good: Happiness and Health in Dutch Older Adults]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Rhode Island]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Friendship and Happiness in the Third Age]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Demir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Friendship and Happiness: Across the Life-Span and in Different Cultures]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>155-69</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Dordrecht ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Derkx]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laceulle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machielse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Meaning in life and the experience of older people]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Ageing Later Life]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>37-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hillerås]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguero-Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winblad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Factors influencing well-being in the elderly]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Opin Psychiatry]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>361-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bailly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joulain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alaphilippe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Does life satisfaction change in old age: results from an 8-year longitudinal study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Gerontol B Psychol Sc Soc Sci]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<page-range>540-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Massey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edwards]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Musikanski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Life satisfaction, affect, and belonging in older adults]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Applied Research in Quality of Life]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>1205-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Voicu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Life satisfaction and happiness among older Europeans: The role of active ageing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Social Indicators Research]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>160</volume>
<page-range>667-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
