<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1135-5727</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Española de Salud Pública]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Esp. Salud Publica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1135-5727</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ministerio de Sanidad]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1135-57272018000100206</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Disruptores endocrinos e hipospadias en Gran Canaria (2012-2015)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Endocrine disruptors and hypospadias in Gran Canaria island (2012-2015)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Germani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Micaela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fiuza Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Dolores]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchis Solera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lourdes]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Ángel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario Materno Infantil Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Las Palmas Gran Canaria]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Gran Canaria]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario Dr Negrín Unidad de Epidemiologia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Las Palmas Gran Canaria]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario Materno Infantil Servicio de Anestesiologia, Reanimación y Terapuetica del Dolor ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Las Palmas Gran Canaria]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario Materno Infantil Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Las Palmas Gran Canaria]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>92</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1135-57272018000100206&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1135-57272018000100206&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1135-57272018000100206&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Fundamentos: El hipospadias es la malformación congénita genital masculina más frecuente en niños, con una prevalencia de 1 cada 250 recién nacidos de sexo masculino. Se especula que pueden existir factores genéticos y/o medioambientales que predisponen a este defecto de virilización actuando como disruptores endocrinos (DE). El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar los factores medio ambientales que puedan haber influido en el desarrollo del hipospadias en los niños tratados en el Hospital Universitario Materno Infantil de Las Palmas de Gran Canarias en los años 2012-2015.  Métodos: El presente estudio representa un análisis retrospectivo de los casos de hipospadias tratados en el Hospital Universitario Materno Infantil de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria entre el 2012 y el 2015, tras la revisión de las historias clínicas y la realización de una encuesta telefónica a los padres de los pacientes tratados. Para realizar el análisis estadístico de los datos, se utilizó el programa SPSS en la versión 15.0. El nivel de significación estadística se estableció para un error &#945;=0.05. Se aplicó el test de chi cuadrado y la corrección de Fisher en caso de que fuera necesario para testar las asociaciones entre las variables cualitativas.  Resultados: Durante el periodo de estudio se trataron a 128 pacientes de los cuales se siguieron a 116. Si analizamos su distribución por años, el 33% de los pacientes fueron tratados en el año 2012, el 23% en el 2013, el 24% en el 2014 y el 20% en el 2015. En relación al nivel de estudio de la familia, el 45.5% de las madres tenían estudios primarios, el 37.5% estudios secundarios, el 15.2% estudios universitarios y el 1.8% eran estudiantes. En relación a los padres, el 54.3% tenían estudios primarios, el 32.4% estudios secundarios y el 13.3% estudios universitarios. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el municipio de residencia y el nivel de estudio de las madres (p=0,262) y de los padres (p=0,052). De los 116 pacientes analizados, 78 tenían antecedentes familiares directos con exposición a disruptores endocrinos.  Conclusiones: La exposición a agentes químicos nocivos y pesticidas, cada vez más habitual en nuestra sociedad, constituye un factor de riesgo para el padecimiento de enfermedades del tracto urológico inferior como el hipospadias, por lo que se deberían tomar medidas de concienciación y prevención en el ámbito social y laboral frente a la exposición a dichos agentes.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Background: Hypospadias represents the most frequent male congenital malformation in children, with a prevalence of 1 in 200-300 new born or 4-6 in 1000 male new born. Genetic and environmental factors play a strong role on developing this virilization defect acting as endocrinal disruptors (ED). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the environmental factors that may have influenced the development oh hypospadias in children treated at the Maternal and Child University Hospital od Las Palmas of Gran Canaria Island during the years 2012-2015.  Methods: The present study represents a retrospective analysis of patients treated for hypospadias in the Maternal-Paediatric University Hospital of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria during 4 years (2012 -2015) by the use of medical records and telephone survey to families' patients. To perform the statistical analysis of the data, the SPSS program was used in version 15.0. The level of statistical significance was established for an error &#945; = 0.05. The chi-square test and Fisher's correction were applied if necessary to test the associations between the qualitative variables.  Results: From 2012 to 2015, 128 patients were treated; we could only follow 116 patients. If we analyse patients' distribution throught those years we can resume that 33% of them were treated in 2012, 23% in 2013, 24% in 2014 and 20% in 2015. We analyse the study background of both parents: 45.5% of mothers had primary studies, 37.5% had secundary studies, 15.2% had university studies and 1.8% were students; 54.3% of fathers had primary studies, 32.4% had secundary studies and 13.3% had university studies. We did not found any statistically significant diference between the place of residence and the study background both in mothers (p=0,262) and fathers (p=0,052). Within all the patients followed, 78 had a clinical history of exposition to ED as a direct family background.  Conclusions: The chronical exposure to ED, very frequent in our society, is a very important risk factor in the development of urologic pathologies as hypospadias; for this reason, awareness measures and prevention in social areas and workplace must be carried out to avoid unnecessary exposures.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Hipospadias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Disruptores endocrinos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Pesticidas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Hypospadias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Endocrine disruptors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pesticides]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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