<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1135-5727</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Española de Salud Pública]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Esp. Salud Publica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1135-5727</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ministerio de Sanidad]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1135-57272018000100504</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Factores de riesgo para la infección por tuberculosis resistente: metanálisis de estudios de casos y controles]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Causal association of antibiotic use and resistant tuberculosis infection: case-control meta-analysis]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Higuita-Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Felipe]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arango-Franco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardona-Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaiberth Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia UdeA Escuela de Microbiología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia Facultad de Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia Facultad de Medicina Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>92</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1135-57272018000100504&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1135-57272018000100504&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1135-57272018000100504&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Fundamentos: En la literatura científica mundial no se han metanalizado investigaciones analíticas en tuberculosis. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar factores de riesgo para la infección por tuberculosis con resistencia a medicamentos y meta-analizar la relación causal del uso previo de antibióticos.  Métodos: Revisión sistemática con metanálisis de estudios de casos y controles, en cinco bases de datos. Se aplicó un protocolo de búsqueda y selección ex ante, exhaustivo y reproducible; con criterios de inclusión, exclusión y evaluación de calidad metodológica. Se realizó síntesis cualitativa de los artículos y cuantitativa para los estudios que evaluaron el consumo previo de antibióticos. Se cumplió la guía PRISMA y se realizó metanálisis de efectos aleatorios para las razones de odds, con análisis de Galbraith, Funelt Plot, Forest plot y análisis de sensibilidad.  Resultados: Se incluyeron 36 artículos para la síntesis cualitativa y 16 en el metanálisis. Se encontró una amplia heterogeneidad en los factores de riesgo que incluyen características sociodemográficas como edad, sexo, escolaridad, ocupación y estar en prisión; clínicas como contacto con infectados, ausencia vacuna con BCG, hospitalización, comorbilidades crónicas, malnutrición, coinfección por VIH; y variables microbiológicas como infección por genotipo Beijing y adherencia terapéutica. En los estudios que evaluaron el consumo de antibióticos se estudiaron 1880 casos y 5291 controles, la mayoría con moderada o baja calidad metodológica, con una medida combinada que evidencia que la odds de desarrollar resistencia en quienes presentan consumo previo de antibióticos es 12 (IC95%= 6,0-23,7) veces la hallada para los no expuestos, en la meta-regresión la odds fue 16,6 (IC95%=4,1-67,8) para los estudios de calidad moderada y 5,0 (IC95%=2,9-8,7) para los de alta calidad metodológica.  Conclusión: En este metanálisis se evidenció la asociación causal fuerte entre el uso previo de antibióticos antituberculosos y la infección por Micobacterium tuberculosis resistente a los fármacos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Background: In the world scientific literature, analytical research on tuberculosis has not been meta-analyzed. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for tuberculosis infection with drug resistance and meta-analyze the causal relationship of prior antibiotic use.  Methods: Systematic review with meta-analysis of case-control studies, in five databases. An ex ante, exhaustive and reproducible protocol of search and selection was applied; with criteria of inclusion, exclusion and evaluation of methodological quality. Were performed a qualitative and quantitative synthesis of the articles that evaluated the previous consumption of antibiotics. The PRISMA guide applied and a meta-analysis of random effects was performed for the odds ratios, with analysis of Galbraith, Funelt Plot, Forest plot and sensitivity analysis.  Results: We included 36 articles for the qualitative synthesis and 16 in the meta-analysis. We found a wide heterogeneity in the risk factors that include sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, schooling, occupation and prison; Clinics as contact with infected, absence of BCG vaccine, hospitalization, chronic comorbidities, malnutrition, HIV coinfection; And microbiological variables such as infection by Beijing genotype and therapeutic adherence. In the studies that evaluated previous consumption of antibiotic, 1880 cases and 5291 controls were studied, most with moderate or low methodological quality, with a combined measure that shows that the odds of developing resistance in patients with previous antibiotic use are 12 (95% = 6.0-23.7) times found for the non-exposed, in the meta-regression the odds were 16.6 (95% CI = 4.1-67.8) for the moderate quality studies and 5.0 (95% CI = 2.9, 8.7) for those with high methodological quality  Conclusion: this meta-analysis revealed a strong causal association between the prior use of anti-tuberculosis antibiotics and drug-resistant Micobacterium tuberculosis infection.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Antibióticos antituberculosos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Farmacorresistencia microbiana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estudios de Casos y Controles]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Metanálisis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Antibiotics antitubercular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Drug resistance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Microbial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Case-Control Studies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Meta-Analysis]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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