<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1135-5727</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Española de Salud Pública]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Esp. Salud Publica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1135-5727</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ministerio de Sanidad]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1135-57272019000100106</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Drogas y consumo de alto riesgo: patrón epidemiológico a partir de análisis de cabello en el contexto forense]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[High-risk drug use: epidemiological pattern through hair testing in the forensic context]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burgueño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sergio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M Ángeles]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mateos-Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ramona]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Toxicología y Ciencias Forenses Departamento de Madrid ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Salamanca Facultad de Farmacia, Química Farmacéutica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Salamanca ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Salamanca Facultad de Farmacia, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Salamanca ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>93</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1135-57272019000100106&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1135-57272019000100106&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1135-57272019000100106&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Fundamentos: Las encuestas epidemiológicas son las fuentes básicas de información sobre el consumo de drogas, aunque presentan algunas limitaciones en este campo: sus resultados pueden verse condicionados por la falta de veracidad de las respuestas y el método de muestreo dificulta la detección de comportamientos de baja prevalencia en las poblaciones diana. El objetivo de esta investigación fue establecer el patrón epidemiológico del consumo de drogas en la población sometida a análisis de drogas en cabello en el marco de investigaciones judiciales, con el fin de aportar una fuente de información adicional al conocimiento del consumo de drogas de alto riesgo.  Sujetos y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal de consumo de drogas en la población sometida a análisis de drogas en cabello en el contexto forense (N=5.292). Se obtuvo la prevalencia de consumo de cannabis, cocaína, heroína, ketamina, anfetamina (AP), metanfetamina (MA), 3,4-metilendioxi-metanfetamina (MDMA), 3,4-metilendioxianfetamina (MDA), 3,4-metilendioxi-N-etilamphetamina (MDEA) y metadona. Se analizó la asociación entre el consumo de drogas y los factores demográficos, así como de sus tendencias, mediante la prueba de Chi-cuadrado de Pearson. Se obtuvo la distribución de frecuencias de las concentraciones de drogas en cabello y se evaluó en relación con el sexo y la edad, utilizando los métodos no paramétricos U de Mann-Whitney y H de Kruskal-Wallis.  Resultados: En el periodo 2013-2015, la prevalencia de consumo de cocaína fue particularmente elevada (49%) en la población estudiada, próxima a la de cannabis (54%). Las tasas de consumo de heroína, metadona, MDMA y anfetamina resultaron entre un 10% y un 18%. Durante el período estudiado, se registró un aumento significativo del consumo de MDMA, heroína y anfetamina, así como una disminución significativa del consumo de metadona.  Conclusiones: Cannabis y cocaína son las drogas de abuso más frecuentes entre la población sometida a análisis de drogas en cabello en el marco de investigaciones judiciales en el periodo estudiado, si bien las proporciones de consumidores de heroína, MDMA y anfetamina muestran una tendencia creciente. Los patrones de consumo varían en función de la edad y del sexo, observándose disminución del consumo de cannabis y MDMA e incremento del consumo de heroína y metadona al aumentar la edad. El consumo de cannabis, cocaína y MDMA resulta más prevalente en hombres y el de metadona en mujeres.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Background: The basic sources of information on drug use are epidemiological surveys, although they have some limitations: their results may be conditioned by the lack of veracity of the responses and the sampling method makes it difficult to detect low-prevalence behaviours in target populations. This study aimed to establish the epidemiological pattern of drug use in the population undergoing drug testing in hair, in the framework of judicial investigations, in order to provide an additional approach to the knowledge of high-risk drug use.  Methods: A cross-sectional study on drug use was conducted on the population subjected to drug testing in hair (N=5,292) in the forensic context. Prevalence of cannabis, cocaine, heroin, ketamine, amphetamine (AP), methamphetamine (MA), 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (MDEA) and methadone uses were obtained. Association between drug use and demographics, and trends of prevalence over the period were analysed using the Pearson Chi-square test. Frequency distribution of drug concentrations in hair was obtained and it was assessed in relation to gender and age using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H methods.  Results: During the period 2013-2015, prevalence of cocaine use was particularly high (49%), rating second among the population studied, after cannabis use (54%). Proportions of heroin, methadone, MDMA and amphetamine use ranged from 10% to 18%. There was a significant increase in prevalence of MDMA, heroin and amphetamine use during the period 2013-2015, as well as a significant decrease in methadone use. The rates of cannabis, cocaine and MDMA use were higher in men, whereas methadone use was higher among women.  Conclusions: Cannabis and cocaine are the most frequently abused drugs among the population undergoing drug testing in hair in the framework of judicial investigations over the three-year period, although the proportions of heroin, MDMA and amphetamine users show an increasing trend. Drug use patterns vary according to age and sex, with a decrease in cannabis and MDMA use and an increase in heroin and methadone use as age increased; cannabis, cocaine and MDMA use are more prevalent among men and methadone use among women.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Consumo de drogas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Análisis de cabello]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Análisis de drogas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Epidemiología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Drug use]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Hair testing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Drug testing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Epidemiology]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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