<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1139-7632</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Pediatría Atención Primaria]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Pediatr Aten Primaria]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1139-7632</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1139-76322016000300017</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Trastorno de retraso de la fase del sueño y del despertar. Síndrome de retraso de fase]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Delayed sleep wake phase disorder (DSWPD)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giménez Badia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albares Tendero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Javier]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Canet Sanz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Teresa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jurado Luque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.ª José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madrid Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Merino Andreu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Milagros]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sellés Galiana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Unidad Multidisciplinar de Sueño ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af9">
<institution><![CDATA[,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Barcelona Barcelona]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Clínica del Sueño Dr. Estivill  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Barcelona Barcelona]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Virgen de los Lirios Servicio de Neurofisiología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Alcoy Alicante]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron Unidad Multidisciplinar de Sueño ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Barcelona Barcelona]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Murcia Departamento de Fisiología Laboratorio de Cronobiología]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Murcia Murcia]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario La Paz Unidad de Trastornos Neurológicos de Sueño ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid Madrid]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital General Universitario Alicante Unidad de Trastornos del Sueño ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Alicante Alicante]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af8">
<institution><![CDATA[,Sociedad Española de Sueño Grupo de Cronobiología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>71</numero>
<fpage>e129</fpage>
<lpage>e139</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1139-76322016000300017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1139-76322016000300017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1139-76322016000300017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El trastorno de retraso de la fase del sueño y del despertar o síndrome de retraso de fase (SRF) es la alteración del ritmo circadiano más frecuente y suele manifestarse en la adolescencia. Se caracteriza por un retraso estable, habitualmente de más de dos horas, del inicio y del final del sueño respecto a los horarios convencionales. Clínicamente los pacientes presentan insomnio a la hora de acostarse, con gran dificultad para levantarse por la mañana en la hora deseada. Entre semana, debido a las obligaciones escolares o sociales, los niños con SRF duermen pocas horas, generándose una privación crónica de sueño que se manifestará con somnolencia diurna, fatiga, falta de atención, afectación del rendimiento escolar o absentismo escolar. Característicamente, el fin de semana o durante las vacaciones, cuando están libres de horarios, retrasan el sueño, siendo este de características normales y levantándose descansados. Es importante realizar un diagnóstico precoz para iniciar un tratamiento temprano que minimice las consecuencias del SRF. Por la imposibilidad de seguir unos horarios regulares de estudio ni de trabajo, son jóvenes a los que se califica de noctámbulos o de vagos, a pesar de sus esfuerzos repetidos por adaptarse a unos horarios convencionales, lo que aboca en altos índices de depresión, ansiedad y abuso de sustancias. El retraso de fase de sueño se confirma mediante las agendas de sueño, la actigrafía y los marcadores de fase circadianos. La higiene del sueño, la cronoterapia, la fototerapia y la administración de melatonina son los posibles tratamientos del SRF.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Delayed sleep wake phase disorder (DSWPD) or delayed sleep phase disorder is the most frequent circadian rhythm sleep disorder and is commonly seen in adolescents. DSWPD is characterized by habitual by sleep onset and wake times that are usually delayed more than two hours relative to conventional sleep-wake times Clinically, affected subjects experience difficulty falling asleep and arising at socially acceptable wake time. Enforced conventional wake times (during the school or working days), may result in chronically insufficient sleep manifested as excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, repetitive school absences with negative impact on their attention and academic performance. When allowed to follow their preferred schedule (during the weekends or vacation periods), the patient's timing of sleep is delayed with normal and restoring sleep. It is very important to make an early diagnosis to initiate treatments that minimize consequences of DSWPD. Although their repetitive attempts to adapt to conventional times, their difficulties to maintain regular school or work timings leads these adolescents to be seen as lazy and not motivated, which usually results in an increase in mood disorders and drug abuse. Delay sleep phase is demonstrated by sleep log, actigraphy monitoring and in the timing of other circadian rhythms. Sleep hygiene, chronotherapy, bright light therapy or melatonin administration are the most habitual treatment of the DSWPD.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Trastorno circadiano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Adolescentes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Insomnio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Somnolencia diurna]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Delayed sleep wake phase disorder]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Circadian rhythm disorder]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Adolescents]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Insomnia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Diurnal sleepiness]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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