<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1139-7632</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Pediatría Atención Primaria]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Pediatr Aten Primaria]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1139-7632</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1139-76322017000500003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Prevalencia del trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad en niños de una localidad urbana]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Prevalence of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity in children from an urban area]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Prevalence of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity in children from an urban area]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CT]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Marcos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MI]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arroba Basanta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabello Ballesteros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Complutense de Madrid  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Madrid]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,CS Cerro del Aire  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Majadahonda Madrid]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Departamento de Pediatría. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Pediatra. CS Pozuelo-Emisora  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Técnico de Salud. Unidad Docente Multiprofesional de Atención Familiar y Comunitaria Noroeste  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Madrid]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>76</numero>
<fpage>311</fpage>
<lpage>320</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1139-76322017000500003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1139-76322017000500003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1139-76322017000500003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:  Introducción:  el objetivo es estimar la prevalencia del trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad en la población infantil (6-14 años) asignada a un centro de salud. Como objetivo secundario, describir el motivo de la primera consulta, el especialista que diagnostica y realiza el seguimiento, los criterios diagnósticos, el tipo de tratamiento, efectos secundarios derivados y comorbilidad. Se intenta comprobar si la prevalencia de niños con TDAH está alrededor del 5%, como refleja la bibliografía consultada.  Pacientes y métodos:  se realiza un estudio descriptivo transversal mediante una revisión en conjunto, con cada pediatra responsable, de las historias clínicas de niños adscritos al centro de salud Cerro del Aire en Majadahonda (Madrid, España) (4747 niños).  Resultados: se han encontrado 108 casos con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (prevalencia del 2,28%), el 23,15% niñas y el 76,85% niños. La edad media de diagnóstico es 7,89 años. El motivo de consulta más frecuente son los problemas de aprendizaje (39,82%). El diagnóstico y seguimiento lo realizan neuropediatras en el 48,15 y 50% de los casos respectivamente. En el 64,8% de los casos el diagnóstico se realiza según los criterios del DSM-IV combinado con escalas y valoración psicopedagógica. El 63,89% recibe tratamiento farmacológico, además de psicopedagógico. El fármaco más utilizado (88,88%) es metilfenidato. El 25,25% presentaron efectos secundarios. Existe comorbilidad en un 45,37% (trastornos del aprendizaje 27,12%).  Conclusiones: la prevalencia encontrada es baja, pero hay que tener en cuenta los sesgos y limitaciones del estudio. Es importante tener un protocolo de diagnóstico y tratamiento único, para registrar adecuadamente y evitar infra- o sobrediagnosticar. Un 28% de los pacientes es seguido por pediatras de Atención Primaria.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:  Introduction: the primary objective was to assess the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the paediatric population (ages 6-14 years) served by one primary care centre. The secondary objective was to describe the reasons for initial consultation, specialists that diagnosed and managed ADHD, the criteria used in diagnosis, the types of treatment and associated side effects, and the presence of comorbidities. We sought to determine whether the prevalence of ADHD in children was of approximately 5%, consistent with the reviewed literature.  Patients and methods: we conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study through the review, in collaboration with the paediatrician in charge of each patient, of the health records of children in the catchment area of the Cerro del Aire primary care centre of Majadahonda (Madrid, Spain) (4747 children).  Results: we identified 108 cases of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (prevalence of 2.28%), 23.15% in girls and 76.85% in boys. The mean age at diagnosis was 7.89 years. Learning problems were the most frequent reason for consultation (39.82%). Paediatric neurologists diagnosed 48.15% of cases and managed 50% of them. In 64.8% of cases, the diagnosis was made based on the DSM-IV criteria combined with scales and a psychoeducational assessment. In 63.89% of patients, pharmacotherapy was used in combination with psychoeducational interventions. The most frequently used drug was methylphenidate (88.88%). Side effects were reported by 25.25%. There were comorbidities in 45.37% (learning disorders in 27.12%).  Conclusion: we found a low prevalence of ADHD, but the biases and limitations of the study must be taken into account. The establishment of a standardised protocol for the diagnosis and management of ADHD would be important to ensure accurate documentation and avoid under- or overdiagnosis. Twenty-eight percent of patients were followed up by primary care paediatricians.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Terapéutica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Prevalencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Niño]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Diagnóstico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Therapeutics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Prevalence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Child]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Diagnosis.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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