<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1139-7632</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Pediatría Atención Primaria]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Pediatr Aten Primaria]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1139-7632</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1139-76322022000100035</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Detección precoz de la ambliopía en Atención Primaria]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Early detection of amblyopia in Primary Health Care]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blanco Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marta]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández Gay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Soraya]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Pavón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Irene]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martín Herranz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raúl]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marta Esther]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4b"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Valladolid Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA) Departamento de Cirugía, Oftalmología, Otorrinolaringología y Fisioterapia]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Valladolid ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Valladolid  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Valladolid ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Valladolid Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA) Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Valladolid ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A4a">
<institution><![CDATA[,CS Circunvalación  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A4b">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Valladolid Departamento de Pediatría e Inmunología, Obstetricia y Ginecología, Nutrición y Bromatología, Psiquiatría e Historia de la Ciencia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Valladolid ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>93</numero>
<fpage>75</fpage>
<lpage>84</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1139-76322022000100035&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1139-76322022000100035&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1139-76322022000100035&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción: la detección precoz de alteraciones visuales en la infancia tiene importancia ya que pueden causar problemas en el desarrollo visual, el rendimiento escolar o, incluso, suponer un riesgo vital como el retinoblastoma. El objetivo de este estudio es realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre las actividades diagnósticas que puede realizar el pediatra de Atención Primaria (PAP) para mejorar el cribaje de la ambliopía, e identificar la edad más adecuada para este cribado.  Material y métodos: se ha realizado una búsqueda bibliográfica de textos científicos en inglés y español publicados en los últimos 20 años en bases de datos como PubMed y Google Académico. Algunas de las palabras clave fueron: "amblyopia", "vision screening", "pediatric", "retinoscopy" y "photoscreener".  Resultados: se encontraron 376 resultados, seleccionándose 29 artículos y dos libros que incluían métodos diagnósticos de ambliopía realizados por el PAP (Bruckner, Hirschberg, Cover test, estereopsis y agudeza visual) y otros más avanzados (retinoscopia, autorrefractómetros, fotorrefractómetros y potenciales evocados). Los programas de cribado y derivación al oftalmólogo realizados por el PAP están basados en métodos tradicionales, siendo en general poco objetivos y heterogéneos.  Conclusiones: los resultados encontrados no definen la edad óptima para el cribado, ni la prueba o combinación de pruebas más adecuadas para evitar derivaciones innecesarias o que una alteración pase inadvertida. Sin embargo, este cribado puede realizarse sencilla y rápidamente a partir de los 6 meses de vida mediante métodos avanzados como fotorrefractometría. Aumentar los recursos disponibles del PAP y conocer su aplicabilidad real y sus beneficios clínicos puede precisar posteriores investigaciones.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction: early detection of visual alterations in childhood has special relevance since it can cause problems in visual development, school performance, or even pose a vital risk such as retinoblastoma. The aim of this study was to conduct a traditional review about the diagnostic procedures that can be performed by the Primary Care Pediatrician (PCP) to improve the screening of amblyopia and to identify the most appropriate age for this screening.  Material and methods: a bibliographic search of scientific texts in English and Spanish published in the last 20 years in databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar has been carried out. Some of the key words were: "amblyopia", "vision screening", "pediatric", "retinoscopy" and "photoscreener".  Results: 376 results were found. 29 articles and 2 books were selected covering diagnostic methods of amblyopia performed by the PCP (Bruckner, Hirschberg, Cover test, stereopsis and visual acuity assessment) and others more advanced (retinoscopy, autorefractometry, photorefractometry and evoked potentials). The screening and ophthalmologist referral programs performed by the PCP are based on traditional methods and are generally not very objective and heterogeneous.  Conclusions: the evidence does not allow to define the optimal age to amblyopia screening or which test or combination of tests could be the most appropriate to avoid unnecessary referrals or unnoticed alterations. However, this screening can be performed easily and quickly from the age of 6 months using diagnostic methods such as photorefractometry. Increasing the available resources in PCP clinic and knowing its applicability and clinical benefits may require further research.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Agudeza visual]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Alteraciones visuales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ambliopía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cribado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estereopsis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Visión binocular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Amblyopia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Binocular vision]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Screening]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Stereopsis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Visual acuity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Visual disorders]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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