<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1699-714X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de la OFIL ]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. OFIL·ILAPHAR]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1699-714X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Organización de Farmacéuticos Ibero-Latinoamericanos]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1699-714X2022000100010</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4321/s1699-714x20220001000010</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Ceftazidime-avibactam: effectiveness and safety in the clinical practice. A third hospital level experience]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Ceftazidima-avibactam: efectividad y seguridad en práctica clínica habitual. Experiencia de un hospital de tercer nivel]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calvo-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ibáñez-Zurriaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Herráiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Abánades]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sáez-Béjar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morell-Baladrón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,La Princesa University Hospital Pharmacy Department ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,La Princesa University Hospital Internal Medina Department ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,La Princesa University Hospital Pharmacy Department ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>57</fpage>
<lpage>62</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1699-714X2022000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1699-714X2022000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1699-714X2022000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Summary  Objectives: Ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) is a third generation cephalosporin and the first non-beta-lactam beta-lactamase inhibitor combination. The main outcome was to assess the effectiveness and safety of CZA in the clinical practice.  Methods: It was a retrospective observational study. The inclusion criteria were age &gt;18 years and receipt of &gt;24 hours of CZA between January 2016 and October 2018. Variables studied included demographic, clinical, and treatment.  Results: 63 inpatients in treatment with CZA were included, 39 (61.9 %) were male and the mean (SD) age was 64.3 (15.8) years. Thirty-eight (60.3%) patients presented bacteremia and 28 (44.4%) were admitted in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated in 43 (68.3) patients, and OXA-48 carbapenemase in 51 (81.0%). Concomitant antibiotic was used in 40 (63.5%) patients. Mortality at 14 and 30 days were 6 (9.5%) and 4 (6.3%) patients, respectively. Thirty-five (55.6%) patients reached microbiological cure and 47 (74.6%) clinical cure. Infection recurrence evaluated at 90 days was achieved in 23 (36.5%) patients. ICU admission and bacteremia showed decreased in clinical cure (p=0.023 and p=0.01, respectively). Only ICU admission had a diminution in microbiological cure (p=0.035) and bacteremia a higher recurrence evaluated at 90 days (p=0.003). Only 3 (4.8%) patients interrupted treatment because of the adverse events.  Conclusions: ICU admission had demonstrated a microbiological and clinical cure decreasing. Recurrence evaluated a 90 days was statically significant higher in patients with bacteremia. CZA was a security antibiotic, with a very low incidence of treatment interruptions.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Objetivo: Ceftazidima/avibactam (CZA) es una cefalosporina de tercera generación y el primer inhibidor de beta-lactamasas no beta-lactámico. El objetivo principal fue evaluar su efectividad y seguridad en la práctica clínica.  Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: edad &gt;18 años y administración de &gt;24 horas de CZA entre enero de 2016 y octubre de 2018. Las variables estudiadas incluyeron demograficas, clínicas y de tratamiento.  Resultados:  Se incluyeron 63 pacientes con CZA, 39 (61,9 %) fueron hombres, media (SD) de edad de 64,3 (15,8) años. 38 (60,3%) pacientes presentaron bacteriemia y 28 (44,4%) fueron ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). Klebsiella pneumoniae se aisló en 43 (68,3) pacientes y OXA-48 carbapenemasa en 51 (81,0%). 40 (63,5%) pacientes recibieron antibiótico concomitante. La mortalidad a los 14 y 30 días fue de 6 (9,5%) y 4 (6,3%), respectivamente. Treinta y cinco (55,6%) alcanzaron curación microbiológica y 47 (74,6%) curación clínica. Recurrencia de la infección a los 90 días sucedió en 23 (36,5%). El ingreso en UCI y la bacteriemia demostraron una disminución de la curación clínica (p-0,023 y p-0,01, respectivamente). El ingreso en UCI tuvo una disminución en curación microbiológica (p-0,035) y la bacteriemia en una mayor recurrencia a los 90 días (p-0,003). 3 (4,8%) interrumpieron el tratamiento por toxicidad.  Conclusiones: El ingreso en UCI se relacionó con disminución de curación microbiológica y clínica. La recurrencia a los 90 días fue mayor en pacientes con bacteriemia. CZA presenta una incidencia baja de interrupciones del tratamiento.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ceztazidime-avibactam]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[antibiotic resistance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[enterobacteriaceae infections]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nosocomial infections]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[beta-lactamase]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[klebsiella pneumoniae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ceztazidima-avibactam]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[resistencia antibiótica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[enterobacteriaceae infecciones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[nosocomial infecciones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[enterobacteriaceae productoras-carbapenemasa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[beta-lactamasa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[klebsiella pneumoniae]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jeong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Global dissemination of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: epidemiology, genetic context, treatment options, and detection methods]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>World Health Organization</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[World Health Organization]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tumbarello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Losito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giamarellou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Optimizing therapy in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Opin Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<numero>31</numero>
<issue>31</issue>
<page-range>566-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Falagas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tansarli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karageorgopoulos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vardakas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KZ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Deaths attributable to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Emerg Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<numero>20</numero>
<issue>20</issue>
<page-range>1170-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fahrbach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lodise]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Association between carbapenem resistance and mortality among adult, hospitalized patients with serious infections due to Enterobacteriaceae: results of a systematic literature review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Open Forum Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Landeiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Lamas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effectiveness of ceftazidime/avibactam as salvage therapy for treatment of infections due to OXA-48 carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Antimicrob Chemother]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<numero>77</numero>
<issue>77</issue>
<page-range>3170-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navarro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calvo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cantón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández-Cuenca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mirelis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Detección fenotípica de mecanismos de resistencia en microorganismos gramnegativos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>524-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pachl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Timsit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kollef]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ceftazidime-avibactam versus meropenem in nosocomial pneumonia, including ventilator-associated pneumonia (REPROVE): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 non-inferiority trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>285-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wagenlehner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sobel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Newell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Armstrong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ceftazidime-avibactam versus doripenem for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections, including acute pyelonephritis: RECAPTURE, a phase 3 randomized trial program]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<page-range>754-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sternbach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weissman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avni T and Yahav]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efficacy and safety of ceftazidime/avibactam: a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Antimicrob Chemother]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>2021-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lucasti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Popescu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramesh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lipka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sable]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparative study of the efficacy and safety of ceftazidime/avibactam plus metronidazole versus meropenem in the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections in hospitalized adults: results of a randomized, double-blind, Phase II trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Antimicrob Chemother]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<page-range>1183-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vazquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Patzán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stricklin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duttaroy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kreidly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lipka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sable]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efficacy and safety of ceftazidime-avibactam versus imipenem-cilastatin in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections, including acute pyelonephritis, in hospitalized adults: results of a prospective, investigator-blinded, randomized study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Med Res Opin]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>1921-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carmeli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Armstrong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Newell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wardman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gasink]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ceftazidime-avibactam or best available therapy in patients with ceftazidime-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa complicated urinary tract infections or complicated intra-abdominal infections (REPRISE): a randomised, pathogendirected, phase 3 study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>661-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krapp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sutton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ozer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VO]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Treating complicated carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae infections with ceftazidime/avibactam: a retrospective study with molecular strain characterisation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Antimicrob Agents]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<numero>49</numero>
<issue>49</issue>
<page-range>770-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shields]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Potoski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haidar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical Outcomes, Drug Toxicity, and Emergence of Ceftazidime-Avibactam Resistance Among Patients Treated for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Infections]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<numero>63</numero>
<issue>63</issue>
<page-range>1615-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shields]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nguyen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Press]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kreiswirth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clancy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pneumonia and Renal Replacement Therapy Are Risk Factors for Ceftazidime-Avibactam Treatment Failures and Resistance among Patients with Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Infections]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Antimicrob Agents Chemother]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<numero>62</numero>
<issue>62</issue>
<page-range>2497-517</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sicotte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tilquin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Risk adjustment in outcome assessment: the Charlson comorbidity index]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Methods Inf Med]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>382-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>U.S. Department of Health and Human Services</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Version 5.0]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[U.S. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[U.S. Department of Health and Human Services]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[ema.europa.eu]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonomo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hooper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clancy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gram-Negative Committee of the Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group (ARLG)a Gram-negative bacterial infections: research priorities, accomplishments, and future directions of the antibacterial resistance leadership group]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<numero>64</numero>
<issue>64</issue>
<page-range>30-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jorgensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SCJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trinh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zasowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lagnf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhatia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melvin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Real-World Experience With Ceftazidime-Avibactam for Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Open Forum Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alraddadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saeedi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qutub]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alshukairi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hassanien]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efficacy of ceftazidime-avibactam in the treatment of infections due to Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shields]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nguyen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Press]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kreiswirth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clancy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pneumonia and renal replacement therapy are risk factors for ceftazidime-avibactam treatment failures and resistance among patients with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Antimicrob Agents Chemother]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>5</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shields]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Potoski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haidar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical Outcomes, Drug Toxicity, and Emergence of Ceftazidime-Avibactam Resistance Among Patients Treated for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1615-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Earley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cober]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Colistin versus ceftazidime-avibactam in the treatment of infections due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<page-range>163-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lacort-Peralta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martín-Dávila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loeches]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tabares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Temkin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical efficacy of ceftazidime/avibactam versus other active agents for the treatment of bacteremia due to carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in hematologic patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<page-range>118-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[King]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuriakose]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El-Beyrouty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multicenter Study of Outcomes with Ceftazidime-Avibactam in Patients with Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Infections]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Antimicrob Agents Chemother]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>61</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[XY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ZL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ZC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of ceftazidime/avibactam in the treatment of Gram-negative bacterial infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Antimicrob Agents]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>443-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tuon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rocha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Formigoni-Pinto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pharmacological aspects and spectrum of action of ceftazidime-avibactam: a systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Infection]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>165-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Che]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ceftazidime/avibactam versus carbapenems for the treatment of infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Antimicrob Agents]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>809-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nguyen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dan Do]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruggemann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ten Oever]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kolwijck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EMM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical cure rate and cost-effectiveness of carbapenem-sparing beta-lactams vs. meropenem for Gram-negative infections: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and cost-effectiveness analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Antimicrob Agents]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>790-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nørgaard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skaarup Jensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aalestrup]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vandenbroucke-Grauls]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CMJE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Boer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MGJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Becic Pedersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Choice of therapeutic interventions and outcomes for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant gramnegative pathogens: a systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>8</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
