<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1886-5887</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Bioética y Derecho]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Bioética y Derecho]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1886-5887</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Observatori de Bioètica i Dret - Cátedra UNESCO de Bioética]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1886-58872021000100006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[¿Existen alternativas a los experimentos con animales?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Are there alternatives to animal experimentation?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="ca"><![CDATA[Existeixen alternatives als experiments amb animals?]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vinardell Martinez-Hidalgo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Pilar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universitat de Barcelona  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>51</numero>
<fpage>81</fpage>
<lpage>97</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1886-58872021000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1886-58872021000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1886-58872021000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Desde hace muchos siglos el ser humano ha venido utilizando los animales para el conocimiento científico y gracias a estos animales se ha avanzado mucho en el desarrollo de terapias, cirugías, etc. Pero actualmente se sabe que no todos los ensayos que se realizan con animales acaban dando lugar a nuevos tratamientos de interés clínico. A pesar de que algunas estadísticas apuntan a una disminución del número de animales utilizados en investigación, la realidad es que todavía se continúan utilizando muchos animales e incluso está aumentado el uso de animales genéticamente modificados. Cuando un investigador se plantea un proyecto en el que se utilicen animales debe buscar alternativas que los reemplacen, reducir el número utilizado y refinar las técnicas para disminuir el sufrimiento animal. En la práctica, muchos investigadores no realizan una búsqueda concienzuda y lo justifican diciendo que no existen alternativas a sus experimentos y que es necesario el uso de animales. En este artículo se presenta cómo realizar esta búsqueda y ejemplos de métodos alternativos de reemplazo, para que no haya excusas a cambiar las metodologías empleadas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract For many centuries, humanity has been using animals for scientific knowledge and thanks to these animals much progress has been made in the development of therapies, surgery, etc. But it is known that not all trials carried out on animals end up leading to new treatments of clinical interest. Despite this, many laboratory animals continue to be used, although some statistics point to a decrease in the number of animals. Moreover, there is an increase in the use of genetically modified animals. When a researcher considers a project in which animals are used, they should look for alternatives that replace animals, reduce the number used and refine techniques to reduce animal suffering. In practice, many researchers do not conduct a thorough search and justify it by saying that there are no alternatives to their experiments and animals are necessary. This article presents how to perform this search and examples of alternatives of replacement, so that there are no excuses to change the methodologies used.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="ca"><p><![CDATA[Resum Des de fa molts segles l'esser humà ha vingut utilitzant els animals per al coneixement científic i gràcies a aquests animals s'ha avançat molt en el desenvolupament de teràpies, cirurgia, etc. Però se sap que no tots els assajos que es realitzen amb animals acaben donant lloc a nous tractaments d'interès clínic. Tot i que algunes estadístiques apunten a una disminució del nombre d'animals en experimentació, la realitat es que encara es continuen utilitzant molts animals i inclús esta augmentant l'ús d'animals genèticament modificats. Quan un investigador es planteja un projecte en el qual s'utilitzin animals ha de buscar alternatives que els reemplacin, reduir el número utilitzat i refinar les tècniques per a disminuir el sofriment animal. A la pràctica, molts investigadors no realitzen una cerca conscienciosa i ho justifiquen dient que no existeixen alternatives als seus experiments i que és necessari l'ús d'animals. En aquest article es presenta com realitzar aquesta cerca i exemples de mètodes alternatius de reemplaçament, perquè no hi hagi excuses a canviar les metodologies emprades.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[reducción]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[refinamiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[reemplazo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[búsqueda bibliográfica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[animales de experimentación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Reduction]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[refinement]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[replacement]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[literature search]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[laboratory animals]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="ca"><![CDATA[reducció]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="ca"><![CDATA[refinament]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="ca"><![CDATA[reemplaçament]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="ca"><![CDATA[cerca bibliográfica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="ca"><![CDATA[animals d'experimentació]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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