<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1887-8571</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Sanidad Militar]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Sanid. Mil.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1887-8571</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ministerio de Defensa]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1887-85712022000100003</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4321/s1887-85712022000100003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Procesos cognitivos y toma de decisiones en tripulaciones de carro de combate Leopardo 2E]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Cognitive processes and decision making in Leopard 2E tank crews]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escuredo-Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Medicina Preventiva de la Defensa Servicio de Protección y Promoción de la Salud ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>78</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>15</fpage>
<lpage>21</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1887-85712022000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1887-85712022000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1887-85712022000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La toma de decisiones en situaciones extremas es un proceso ejecutivo superior que implica muchos factores como el control de impulsos, la valoración de riesgo o la flexibilidad cognitiva, entre otros, para trasladar la atención a diferentes aspectos de un estímulo. La mayoría de los estudios de toma de decisiones en situaciones extremas se basan en observar cómo los expertos realizan diversas tareas en un entorno natural en tiempo real. En situaciones de combate las tripulaciones de unidades acorazadas realizan la toma de decisiones bajo condiciones complejas y elevados niveles de estrés. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar las variables que componen estos procesos ejecutivos superiores para obtener una descripción clara del perfil experto requerido para los puestos de tripulación de carro de combate y así poder diseñar posteriormente programas de entrenamiento que mejoren estas capacidades. Método: se llevó a cabo un estudio con un grupo de tripulantes (n=23) y un grupo control (n=26). Cada uno de ellos realizó tres tareas neurocognitivas de ordenador que evaluaban impulsividad, flexibilidad y valoración de riesgo (Go/NoGo, Iowa test y Switch task). Resultados: se muestran diferencias significativas en la medida de errores de omisión, siendo el grupo de tripulantes el que cometió más errores en estos ensayos (t=5.795; p&lt;0.020). En el resto de medidas no se encontraron diferencias entre ambos grupos. Conclusiones: Según estos resultados los tripulantes de Leopardo 2E presentan más errores de omisión, lo que parece estar relacionado con un mayor control inhibitorio de sus respuestas de ataque.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[SUMMARY Decision making in extreme situations is a superior executive process involving many factors, impulse control, risk assessment and cognitive flexibility to shift attention to different aspects of a stimulus. Most studies of decision making in extreme situations are based on observing how experts perform various tasks in a natural environment in real time. In combat situations, crews from armored units carry out decision-making under complex conditions and high levels of stress. The objective of this work is to evaluate the variables that make up these superior executive processes to obtain a clear description of the expert profile required for combat tank crew positions and thus, to design training programs that improve these capabilities. Method: a study was carried out with a group of crews (n=23) and a control group (n=26). Each of them performed three neurocognitive computer tasks that assessed impulsivity, flexibility and risk assessment (Go/noGo, Iowa test and Switch task). Results: significant differences are shown in the measurement of omission errors in these trials (t=5.795; p&lt;0.020). In the rest of measures, no differences were found between the two groups. Conclusions: according to these results, the Leopard 2E crew show more errors of omission, which seems to be related to a greater inhibitory control of their attack responses.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tripulaciones carros de combate]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[toma de decisiones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[impulsividad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[flexibilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[tank crews]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[decision making]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[impulsivity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[flexibility]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
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