<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1887-8571</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Sanidad Militar]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Sanid. Mil.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1887-8571</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ministerio de Defensa]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1887-85712022000400014</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4321/s1887-857120220004000014</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Cirujanos militares artífices de la cirugía cardíaca, al margen de su actividad castrense]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Military surgeons who created cardiac surgery, regardless of their military activity]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Revuelta-Soba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Cantabria División de Ciencia e Ingeniería de los Materiales Laboratorio de la División de Ciencia e Ingeniería de los Materiales]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santander ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>78</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>281</fpage>
<lpage>284</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1887-85712022000400014&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1887-85712022000400014&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1887-85712022000400014&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La cirugía cardiaca surgió como especialidad quirúrgica a mediados del siglo XX, gracias a la incorporación de la máquina de corazón-pulmón por John Gibbon y la empresa IBM en Filadelfia (EE. UU.). Esto permitió realizar intervenciones a corazón abierto en la mayoría de países desarrollados. Décadas antes, algunos cirujanos trataron de curar a sus pacientes con ingeniosas operaciones a corazón cerrado. Durante la II Guerra Mundial, varios cirujanos militares desempeñaron un papel decisivo en el desarrollo de esta moderna cirugía, incorporando ingeniosas técnicas quirúrgicas para salvar a numerosos soldados heridos en el frente de batalla, entre ellos destacan Dwight E. Harken y C. Walton Lillehei, considerados «padres de la cirugía cardiaca». Importantes logros surgieron de estos pioneros, al margen de su actividad castrense, como las unidades de cuidados intensivos, las primeras valvuloplastias mitrales y prótesis valvulares cardiacas, los marcapasos implantables, o la utilización de la hipotermia moderada en las operaciones a corazón abierto. Las importantes aportaciones de estos admirables cirujanos, constituyeron los ladrillos con los que se construyó la cirugía cardiaca moderna.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[SUMMARY In the mid-twentieth century, cardiac surgery emerged thanks to John Gibbon &amp; IBM Company heart-lung machine incorporation in Philadelphia, USA, allowing open heart surgery to be carry out, which was soon possible in most developing countries. However, a few years before, some surgeons tried to cure their patients with ingenious closed-heart surgical techniques. During World War II, several military surgeons landed a decisive role in the development of this surgery by incorporating some surgical techniques that saved the life of numerous soldiers on the battlefront, among them Dwight E. Harken and C. Walton Lillehei, worldwide considered «fathers of cardiac surgery». Several important achievements emerged later, from these pioneers, regardless of their military activity, such as the intensive care units, the first mitral valvuloplasties and mechanical artificial heart valves, the implantable cardiac pacemakers, or the use of moderate hypothermia in open heart surgery. The important contributions of these admirable surgeons constituted the building blocks on which modern cardiac surgery was built.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sanidad militar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cirugía cardiaca]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[valvuloplastia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[prótesis mecánica cardiaca]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[marcapasos cardiaco]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Health Medical Corps]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cardiac surgery]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[valvuloplasty]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mechanical heart valve]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cardiac pacemaker]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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