<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1889-836X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Osteoporosis y Metabolismo Mineral]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Osteoporos Metab Miner]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1889-836X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Española de Investigaciones Óseas y Metabolismo Mineral]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1889-836X2021000100005</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4321/s1889-836x2021000100005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El fenómeno de cut-out en fractura intertrocantérica de fémur: análisis mediante modelo de elementos finitos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The cut-out phenomenon in intertrochanteric femur fracture: analysis using a finite element model]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arias-Blanco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miguélez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caeiro-Rey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larraínzar-Garijo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Madrid]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Politécnica de Valencia Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería Mecánica Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y de Materiales]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Valencia ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santiago de Compostela ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A04">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Complutense de Madrid Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor Servicio de Traumatología]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>21</fpage>
<lpage>31</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1889-836X2021000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1889-836X2021000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1889-836X2021000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Objetivo El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar el fenómeno de cut-out, fenómeno que supone desplazamientos oblicuos y/o rotaciones de la cabeza femoral alrededor del componente cefálico del clavo intramedular. El análisis se llevó a cabo mediante modelos numéricos de elementos finitos. Con esta técnica se busca entender el fallo de este tipo de fijaciones y establecer qué posicionamiento del sistema favorece o evita el fallo por cut-out.  Material y métodos El estudio se realizó sobre un modelo numérico de la extremidad proximal de un fémur artificial y un clavo intramedular tipo PFNA (femoral proximal de antirrotación). En el modelo numérico se varió la posición del clavo intramedular en dirección anterior/posterior y superior/inferior para analizar la influencia de la posición en el fenómeno de cut-out. Se analizaron las tensiones en zonas críticas y par torsor sobre el clavo bajo una carga en posición normal.  Resultados La posición más crítica fue aquella en la que el clavo intramedular está colocado en la posición superior, debido a las altas compresiones que aparecen en el hueso trabecular de la cabeza femoral. La posición centrada del clavo disminuyó el riesgo de daño óseo y el par torsor que tiene que soportar el clavo intramedular.  Conclusión Este tipo de modelos permite simular la influencia de la posición del clavo y obtener variables que de otra manera son difíciles de analizar. Aunque se trata de un modelo sencillo con carga estática, confirma que una posición centrada del clavo intramedular disminuye el riesgo de cut-out.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Summary  Objetive This work aimed to analyze the cut-out phenomenon, which involves oblique displacements and/or rotations of the femoral head around the cephalic component of the intramedullary nail. The analysis was carried out using finite element numerical models. This technique seeks to understand the failure of this type of fixation and establish what positioning of the system favors or prevents failure due to cut-out.  Material and methods The study was carried out on a numerical model of the proximal limb of an artificial femur and an intramedullary nail type PFNA (proximal femoral nail anti-rotation). In the numerical model, the position of the intramedullary nail was varied in the anterior/posterior and superior/inferior directions to analyze the influence of the position on the cut-out phenomenon. Stresses in critical areas and torque on the nail under normal position loading were analyzed.  Results The most critical position was the one in which the intramedullary nail is placed in the superior position, due to the high compressions that appear in the trabecular bone of the femoral head. The centered position of the nail decreased the risk of bone damage and the torque that the intramedullary nail has to support.  Conclusion This type of model allows us to simulate the influence of the nail position and obtain variables that are otherwise difficult to analyze. Although it is a simple model with static load, it confirms that a centered position of the intramedullary nail reduces the risk of cut-out.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fémur]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fractura de cadera]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fractura extracapsular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[clavo intramedular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cut-out]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[modelo de elementos finitos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[femur]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hip fracture]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[extracapsular fracture]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[intramedullary nail]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cut-out]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[finite element model]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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