<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2174-5145</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Esp Nutr Hum Diet]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2174-5145</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academia Española de Nutrición y Dietética]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2174-51452017000200010</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14306/renhyd.21.2.244</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Alteraciones en el eje intestino-riñón durante la enfermedad renal crónica: causas, consecuencias y propuestas de tratamiento]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Kidney-gut axis disruption in chronic kidney disease: causes, consequences and treatment strategies]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osuna-Padilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Iván Armando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leal-Escobar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Cardiología &#8220;Ignacio Chávez&#8221; Clínica de Diálisis Peritoneal ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>174</fpage>
<lpage>183</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2174-51452017000200010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2174-51452017000200010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2174-51452017000200010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La enfermedad renal crónica y el estado urémico se asocian con alteraciones en la permeabilidad intestinal y cambios en la microbiota intestinal, provocando una mayor producción y translocación de toxinas urémicas como sulfato de indoxilo (IS) y sulfato de p-cresilo (pCS), detonando una respuesta inflamatoria. El estado inflamatorio y el incremento en concentraciones séricas de IS y pCS se han asociado con una mayor mortalidad, mayor número de eventos cardiovasculares y mayores alteraciones en el metabolismo mineral y óseo. Se han estudiado diversas estrategias nutricionales y farmacológicas para modular la microbiota intestinal y mejorar las alteraciones en la permeabilidad intestinal, entre ellas la suplementación con probióticos, prebióticos y simbióticos, modificaciones en la composición de la dieta y uso de agentes adsorbentes. El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar una revisión de las causas de las alteraciones intestinales y de la microbiota intestinal en el paciente con enfermedad renal crónica, analizando las consecuencias de dichos cambios y las intervenciones estudiadas hasta la actualidad.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Chronic kidney disease and uremic state are associated with intestinal barrier permeability alterations and changes in gut microbiome composition that increased the production and translocation of uremic toxins such indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (pCS) and contribute to the immunological response. Uremic toxins and inflammation are associated with and increase on mortality, cardiovascular events and mineral bone disorders. Several nutritional and pharmacological strategies have been studied to modulate the gut microbiota composition and intestinal permeability alterations, including probiotic, prebiotic and symbiotic supplementation, changes in diet composition and use of adsorbent agents. The aim of this study is to review the etiology of intestinal and microbiota alterations analyzing the consequences and interventions studied to date.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Insuficiencia Renal Crónica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Microbioma Gastrointestinal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Uremia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Probióticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Prebióticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Terapia Dietética]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Renal Insufficiency, Chronic]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Gastrointestinal Microbiome]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Uremia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Probiotics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Prebiotics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Diet Therapy]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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