<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2340-9894</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ars Pharmaceutica (Internet)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ars Pharm]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2340-9894</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Granada]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2340-98942024000400011</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30827/ars.v65i4.30928</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Avances terapéuticos en el abordaje de las fisuras anales: explorando la sinergia entre Farmacología y Nanotecnología]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Therapeutic advances in the management of anal fissures: exploring the synergy between Pharmacology and Nanotechnology]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pazmiño-Chiluiza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Ostwaldo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Luisa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Sevilla Facultad de Farmacia Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Sevilla ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Laboratorio Neofármaco  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Avda Atahualpa y Noboa y Caamaño Ambato]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>409</fpage>
<lpage>431</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2340-98942024000400011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2340-98942024000400011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2340-98942024000400011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción: La fisura anal es una patología proctológica frecuente, cronificante, caracterizada por la presencia de lesiones dolorosas ocasionadas por la hipertonía del musculo liso del esfínter anal interno. A pesar de su impacto, los tratamientos convencionales disponibles pueden ser limitados en términos de reproducibilidad, eficacia y tolerabilidad a largo plazo. Debido a ello, la exploración de nuevas terapias farmacológicas, en sincronía con nanovehículos que permitan su direccionamiento específico al lugar de acción, ofrecen una alternativa potencial para mejorar su tratamiento.  Método: Se plantea como un estudio de tipo retrospectivo y longitudinal.  Resultados: Se aplican diferentes abordajes terapéuticos, desde medidas higiénico-sanitarias, tratamientos farmacológicos no invasivos, hasta la cirugía, la mayoría de ellos dirigidos a disminuir la hipertonía. Los fármacos habituales a nivel hospitalario son lidocaína, diltiazem, nifedipino, nimodipino, nitrato de isosorbide y la toxina botulínica. Aprovechando las ventajas de la nanotecnología farmacéutica en la mejora de la eficacia terapéutica, disminuyendo los efectos adversos generados en la administración sistémica y aumentando la tasa de curación, se han encontrado estudios sobre la aplicación de nanopartículas poliméricas, vesiculares y micro-nano emulsiones para vehiculizar fármacos para el tratamiento sintomático de la fisura anal. Algunas formulaciones cuentan con autorización sanitaria y otras se encuentran en fase de investigación.  Conclusiones: Se ha evidenciado que las nuevas formulaciones, especialmente aquellas basadas en nanotecnología, muestran un potencial significativo para mejorar la cicatrización de las fisuras en comparación con los tratamientos convencionales. No obstante, son necesarios estudios sobre el uso seguro de estos sistemas antes de su implementación clínica generalizada.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction: Anal fissure is a common proctological condition characterized by painful lesions caused by hypertonia of the internal anal sphincter smooth muscle. Despite its impact, conventional treatments available may be limited in terms of reproducibility, efficacy, and long-term tolerability. Therefore, exploring new pharmacological therapies, in sync with nanocarriers enabling their specific targeting to the site of action, offers a potential alternative to improve its treatment.  Method: This study adopts a retrospective and longitudinal approach.  Results: Different therapeutic approaches are applied, ranging from hygienic-sanitary measures and non-invasive pharmacological treatments to surgery, most of them aimed at reducing hypertonia. The most commonly used drugs in hospitals are lidocaine, diltiazem, nifedipine, nimodipine, isosorbide nitrate, and botulinum toxin. Leveraging the advantages of pharmaceutical nanotechnology to enhance therapeutic efficacy, reduce adverse effects from systemic administration, and increase healing rates, studies have been found on the application of polymeric nanoparticles, vesicular nanoparticles, and micro-nano emulsions to deliver drugs for the symptomatic treatment of anal fissure. Some formulations are already authorized for use, while others are still under research.  Conclusions: It has been demonstrated that new formulations, especially those based on nanotechnology, show significant potential in improving the healing of fissures compared to conventional treatments. However, further studies on the safe use of these systems are necessary before their widespread clinical implementation.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Fisura Anal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Farmacología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Nanotecnología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Anal fissure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pharmacology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nanotechnology]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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