<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2340-9894</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ars Pharmaceutica (Internet)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ars Pharm]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2340-9894</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Granada]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2340-98942025000300323</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30827/ars.v66i3.31860</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Modulation of gene expression of antioxidant markers by Cynara scolymus extract in thioacetamide-induced liver injury in rats]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Modulación de la expresión génica de marcadores antioxidantes por el extracto de Cynara scolymus en el daño hepático inducido por tioacetamida en ratas]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eldeberky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Deena M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El-Mahmoudy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Abubakr M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elsayed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Faten I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Benha University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Pharmacology]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Moshtohor Qalioubia]]></addr-line>
<country>Egypt</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>66</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>323</fpage>
<lpage>334</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2340-98942025000300323&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2340-98942025000300323&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2340-98942025000300323&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Introduction: This study evaluated the antioxidant potential of Cynara scolymus extract on the gene expression of liver antioxidant enzymes in a model of thioacetamide-induced liver damage in Wistar rats. Method: Thirty male Wistar rats were administered thioacetamide at a dose of 100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, twice a week for 8 weeks. The therapeutic potential of two doses of Cynara scolymus extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) was evaluated in comparison with silymarin as a standard treatment using spectrophotometry and polymerase chain reaction. Results: Spectrophotometric analysis of the homogenized liver samples revealed a significant decrease in the lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde and a significant increase in the antioxidant molecules catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (restoration rates of 87 %, 95 % and 81 % normalized against silymarin). Analysis of gene expression revealed that treatment with Cynara scolymus extract (100 or 200 mg/kg, daily by oral route, for 8 weeks) produced a dose-dependent increase in the expression of antioxidant enzymes, surpassing the effects of standard silymarin. The Cynara Scolymus extract (100 mg/kg) increased the expression of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase up to 1.85 times, 1.76 times and 1.92 times, respectively. These effects were greater with 200 mg/kg, reaching 2.43 times for catalase, 2.24 times for glutathione peroxidase and 2.58 times for superoxide dismutase. Conclusions: These findings suggest that Cynara scolymus exhibits powerful hepatoprotective effects through the regulation of the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, constituting a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of liver damage.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción:  Este estudio evaluó el potencial antioxidante del extracto de Cynara Scolymus en la expresión génica de enzimas antioxidantes hepáticas en un modelo de daño hepática inducido por tioacetamida en ratas Wistar.  Método:  Se administró tioacetamida en una dosis de 100 mg/kg, por vía intraperitoneal, dos veces por semana durante 8 semanas a 30 ratas Wistar macho. Se evaluó el potencial terapéutico de dos dosis de extracto de Cynara Scolymus (100 y 200 mg/kg), en comparación con la silimarina como tratamiento estándar mediante espectrofotometría y reacción en cadena de la polimerasa.  Resultados:  El análisis espectrofotométrico de las muestras de homogeneizado hepático reveló una disminución significativa del marcador de peroxidación lipídica malondialdehído y un aumento significativo de las moléculas antioxidantes catalasa, glutatión peroxidasa y superóxido dismutasa (tasas de restauración del 87 %, 95 % y 81 % normalizadas frente a la silimarina). El análisis de la expresión génica reveló que el tratamiento con extracto de Cynara Scolymus (100 o 200 mg/kg, diario vía oral, durante 8 semanas) produjo un aumento dosis-dependiente de la expresión de enzimas antioxidantes, superando los efectos de la silimarina estándar. El extracto de Cynara Scolymus (100 mg/kg) aumentó la expresión de catalasa, glutatión peroxidasa y superóxido dismutasa hasta 1,85 veces, 1,76 veces y 1,92 veces, respectivamente. Estos efectos fueron mayores con 200 mg/kg, alcanzando 2,43 veces para la catalasa, 2,24 veces para la glutatión peroxidasa y 2,58 veces para la superóxido dismutasa.  Conclusiones:  Estos hallazgos sugieren que Cynara Scolymus exhibe potentes efectos hepatoprotectores a través de la regulación de la expresión génica de enzimas antioxidantes, constituyendo un enfoque terapéutico prometedor para el tratamiento de lesiones hepáticas.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cynara scolymus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Expresión génica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Enzimas antioxidantes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Tioacetamida]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Hepatoprotección]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Catalasa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Glutatión peroxidasa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Superóxido dismutasa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cynara scolymus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Gene expression]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Antioxidant enzymes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Thioacetamide]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Hepatoprotection]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Catalase]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Agglutination peroxidase]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Superoxide dismutase]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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