<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2444-7986</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista ORL]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. ORL]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2444-7986</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2444-79862021000400003</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14201/orl.25061</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Cáncer de tiroides en pediatría]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Pediatric Thyroid Cancer]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prieto-Matos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martín-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martín-Alonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Montserrat]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bajo-Delgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Fe]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riesco-Riesco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Susana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prieto-Matos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario de Salamanca Unidad de Endocrinología Pediátrica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario de Salamanca Unidad de Radiología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario de Salamanca Unidad de Oncohematología Pediátrica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Clínica Universitaria de Navarra Departamento de Otorrinolaringología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Pamplona ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>303</fpage>
<lpage>312</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2444-79862021000400003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2444-79862021000400003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2444-79862021000400003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN: El cáncer de tiroides es una enfermedad rara en la edad pediátrica que está aumentando en los últimos años, principalmente en mujeres adolescentes. Aunque guarda similitudes con el cáncer tiroideo del adulto tiene una serie de peculiaridades que lo diferencian. Nuestro objetivo es mostrar estas diferencias, resaltando las particularidades de esta enfermedad en la edad pediátrica frente a la del adulto. Los avances en las técnicas diagnósticas de genética molecular han permitido nuevos descubrimientos acerca de la génesis de tumores tiroideos en edades tempranas. También han supuesto un incremento de los diagnósticos de síndromes de predisposición genética, principalmente MEN2A, que ha producido un aumento significativo de tiroidectomías profilácticas. Los tipos histológicos más frecuentes son los cánceres diferenciados, principalmente el papilar. Al diagnóstico en edad pediátrica, suelen presentar un mayor tamaño, extensión, y probabilidades de multifocalidad y metástasis que en el adulto. A corto plazo el pronóstico es excelente; sin embargo, a largo plazo existe un número importante de recaídas y de aparición de segundos tumores. Para su tratamiento y seguimiento son necesarias unidades de alta especialización pediátrica que incluyan cirujanos expertos en tiroides. Se debe tender a la medicina personalizada estableciendo protocolos diagnósticos que caractericen correctamente el tumor y estratifiquen el pronóstico, adaptando la cirugía, la administración de yodo-131 y los nuevos tratamientos farmacológicos para buscar la máxima efectividad y supervivencia y minimicen los efectos secundarios.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[SUMMARY; Thyroid cancer is a rare disease in paediatric age; however, it is increasing in the last few years, mainly in adolescent women. Although children and adult thyroid cancer are similar, they have some differences. The aim of this report is to analyse those differences, emphasizing the particularities of thyroid cancer in paediatric age. The development of molecular genetic testing has allowed a deeper understanding of genetic predisposition syndromes, such as MEN2A, which has led to a significant increase in prophylactic thyroidectomies. The most frequent histological group is differentiated cancer, specifically papillary type. At the time of diagnosis in children thyroid cancer presents a greater size and extension, and more probabilities of multifocality and metastasis than in adults. The short-term prognosis is excellent; however, in the long-term there are a significant number of recurrences and second tumours. It is important to carry out a personalized medicine, and to create diagnostic protocols. A Deep tumour characterization and the prognosis stratification will be essential to choose the correct treatment for each case, also to achieve maximum effectiveness, survival and to minimize side effects.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cáncer de tiroides]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cáncer tiroideo pediátrico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cáncer diferenciado de tiroides]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[test genéticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[niños]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[thyroid cancer]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[paediatric thyroid cancer]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[differentiated thyroid cancer]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[genetic testing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[children]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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