<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2444-7986</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista ORL]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. ORL]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2444-7986</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2444-79862021000400007</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14201/orl.25056</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Nódulo tiroideo en el niño]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Thyroid nodules in children]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martín-Alonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Montserrat]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prieto-Matos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bajo-Delgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Fe]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mories-Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Teresa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Marcos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pardal-Refoyo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario Salamanca Servicio de Pediatría Unidad de Endocrinología Infantil]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario Salamanca Servicio de Endocrinología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario Salamanca Servicio de Otorrinolaringología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>353</fpage>
<lpage>358</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2444-79862021000400007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2444-79862021000400007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2444-79862021000400007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN:  Introducción y objetivo: Los nódulos tiroideos son poco frecuentes en la infancia (2% de niños tienen nódulos palpables y un 5% de niños tienen nódulos detectados por ecografía). La mayoría son benignos y asintomáticos. Pero a diferencia de lo que sucede en el adulto, el riesgo de malignización de los mismos es mayor, de modo que, dependiendo de las series la tasa de malignidad se sitúa entre 10-50%. De ahí la importancia de hacer un seguimiento clínico adecuado.  Síntesis: La glándula tiroidea del niño es más sensible al efecto de determinados agentes carcinogénicos que la del adulto. Esto hace que el seguimiento de los nódulos tiroideos del niño que, en su mayoría son benignos y asintomáticos, cobre especial importancia. La American Thyroid Association (ATA) determinó que el criterio de tamaño utilizado en adultos para indicar punción aspiración con aguja fina (PAAF) podía no ser apropiado para la glándula del niño que está en crecimiento, por lo que recomendó también tener en cuenta las características ecográficas y el contexto clínico. Ante los nódulos tiroideos benignos, se recomienda seguimiento clínico y ecográfico y ante aumentos de tamaño significativos, reconsiderar PAAF o cirugía.  Conclusiones: Es importante hacer un seguimiento clínico y ecográfico en el nódulo tiroideo del niño por su mayor riesgo de malignización.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[SUMMARY:  Introduction and objective: Thyroid nodules in children are rare (2% of children have palpable thyroid nodules and 5% of children have thyroid nodules by ultrasonography). Most of these are benign and asymptomatic, but the percentage of nodules harboring cancer in children is higher than in adults: the rate of malignancy varies from 10 to 50% depending on published case series. For this reason, it is very important evaluating and monitoring the thyroid nodules in children.  Synthesis: The thyroid gland in children is more susceptible to certain carcinogenic agents than the thyroid gland in adults. Thus, clinical following of the thyroid nodules in children is very important. The American Thyroid Association (ATA) recognized that size criterion for performing fine-needle aspiration (FNA) in adults may not be appropriate in a growing thyroid gland in children. For this reason, the ATA recommended that ultrasound characterization and clinical context should be used in the evaluation. Benign thyroid nodules must be monitored by periodic neck palpation and ultrasound examinations, so that if a significant increase in size is detected, it may lead to consider repeating FNA or performing a surgical excision.  Conclusions: Clinical and ultrasonographic monitoring in thyroid nodule in children is very important due to its higher rate of malignancy than in adults.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[nódulo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tiroides]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[niño]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[evaluación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[seguimiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nodule]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[thyroid]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[children]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[evaluation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[monitoring]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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