<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2444-7986</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista ORL]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. ORL]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2444-7986</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2444-79862021000400010</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14201/orl.23829</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Orbitopatía tiroidea. Revisión sobre puntos clave para el diagnóstico y tratamiento]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Thyroid orbitopathy. Review of key points for diagnosis and treatment]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galindo-Ferreiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alicia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marqués-Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Victoria]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega Servicio de Oftalmología Unidad de Oculoplástica]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Valladolid ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>381</fpage>
<lpage>391</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2444-79862021000400010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2444-79862021000400010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2444-79862021000400010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN:  Introducción y objetivo: La orbitopatía tiroidea (OT) es una patología autoinmune de etiología desconocida. Se trata de una enfermedad edematosa e inflamatoria crónica y a veces subaguda o aguda, cuyas características principales son edema palpebral, úlceras corneales, hipertensión ocular, exoftalmos generalmente bilateral, estrabismo restrictivo, diplopía y neuropatía óptica. Realizar una revisión y actualización acerca del enfoque diagnóstico y terapéutico de la OT.  Métodos: Revisión de la literatura publicada referente a la OT y manera actual de enfocar esta patología.  Resultados: OT es una enfermedad inflamatoria orbitaria con un posible origen autoinmune y que suele asociarse a trastornos metabólicos de la glándula tiroidea. Fisiopatológicamente su mecanismo no está claro. Afecta mayormente a mujeres y está negativamente influenciada por factores como el tabaquismo, la edad, el sexo y la raza. Es imprescindible clasificarla en cuanto a su severidad y su actividad para un correcto manejo.  Conclusiones: El conocimiento clínico de OT es esencial para el diagnóstico precoz de la enfermedad. El tratamiento médico, en caso de OT activa, debe ser precoz, agresivo y acorde a la fase en que se presente el paciente con el fin de evitar las graves consecuencias de la OT. El tratamiento quirúrgico deberá ser lógico y ordenado, pero a su vez rápido, con el fin de devolver al paciente al entorno laboral, social y familiar.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[SUMMARY:  Introduction and objective: Thyroid orbitopathy (TO) is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. It is a chronic and sometimes subacute or acute edematous and inflammatory disease, the main characteristics of which are eyelid edema, corneal ulcers, ocular hypertension, generally bilateral exophthalmos, restrictive strabismus, diplopia and optic neuropathy. To review and to update the current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. To propose a practical, basic and precocious approach based in the knowledge of the TO.  Methods: Literature review and exposition of our experience in the management of TO.  Results: TO is an inflammatory orbital disease that probably has an autoimmune origin and most of the time is related to systemic disorders of the thyroid gland. Pathogenesis of the disease is not yet fully understood. Women are more likely to develop TO, and the disease is clearly affected by several factors such as smoking, age, sex and race. It is crucial to determine TO severity and activity for a correct management.  Conclusions: Clinical knowledge is essential for the early diagnosis of this disorder, and it is the most important factor for the proper management of the disease. The medical treatment must be initiated promptly and should be aggressive and based in the current phase of the disease, in order to avoid the severe damage that follows TO. The surgical approach must be logical and sequential, but, on the other hand, must be rapid and aggressive in order to return the patient to his/her labour, social and familiar environment.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[órbita]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tiroides]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[enfermedad de Graves]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[oftalmopatía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[orbitopatía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[orbit]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[thyroid]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Graves' disease]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ophthalmopathy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[orbitopathy]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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