<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2444-7986</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista ORL]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. ORL]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2444-7986</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2444-79862022000100007</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14201/orl.27912</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Fístula traumática de líquido cefalorraquídeo tras realización de test PCR mediante hisopo nasal para el diagnóstico de COVID-19. Revisión sistemática]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leak after performing PCR test using a nasal swab for the detection of COVID-19 disease. A Systematic review]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Ruiz-Coello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María del Mar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miranda-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Estefanía]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bosco-Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Chillerón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raimon]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pardo-Mazo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adriana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arenas-Brítez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Óscar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodriguez-Uribe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tamara]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Plaza-Mayor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guillermo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada Servicio de Otorrinolaringología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Fuenlabrada Madrid]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Fuenlabrada Madrid]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario La Zarzuela Servicio de Otorrinolaringología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>71</fpage>
<lpage>79</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2444-79862022000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2444-79862022000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2444-79862022000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN:  Introducción y objetivo: Las fístulas de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) pueden producirse tras un traumatismo, esto conlleva una disrupción entre la aracnoides y la duramadre, frecuentemente asociado a un defecto óseo. La epidemia mundial producida por la COVID-19 ha generado la necesidad de disponer de test rápidos para la detección del virus en mucosa nasal y orofaríngea. Los hisopos nasales (HN) han demostrado ser útiles a la hora de recoger muestras nasofaríngeas y por lo tanto se ha generalizado su uso. Este método diagnostico se considera seguro, pero existen una serie de posibles complicaciones entre las que se encuentra una de las más temidas; la fístula de LCR. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva de artículos disponibles que describan esta complicación, investigando los factores predisponentes y a su vez describir una técnica segura para evitarla.  Método: Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos de PubMed, Web of Science y Scopus de acuerdo con las pautas de PRISMA desde marzo de 2020 hasta noviembre de 2021. Se revisaron los estudios que informaron datos clínicos de pacientes con fistulas de LCR tras ser sometidos a frotis nasales mediante hisopos. Nos centramos en los síntomas de alarma presentados, las estrategias diagnosticas y el manejo terapéutico.  Resultados: Hasta la fecha se han reportado once casos publicados de pacientes con diagnostico de fistula de LCR secundaria a la realización de test PCR mediante HN. En esta revisión sistemática se incluyen estos artículos. Cada artículo describe esta complicación en un paciente diferente, por lo que en total disponemos de once pacientes. La edad promedio al diagnostico fue de 45 años, siendo 8 mujeres y 3 hombres. La lámina cribosa fue la localización anatómica más frecuentemente afectada. En cinco pacientes (45,5%), se conocía la preexistencia de una malformación a nivel de la base de cráneo, lo cual corresponde un factor de riesgo a la hora de sufrir una fístula de LCR tras HN.  Conclusiones: Aunque la prueba de HN para diagnostico de la COVID-19 se considera segura, en ocasiones puede conllevar complicaciones. La aparición de rinorrea clara unilateral o goteo post nasal de sabor salado o metálico tras la realización de un HN nos debe poner en alerta a la hora de diagnosticar una posible fístula de LCR. Es de suma importancia instruir adecuadamente al personal sanitario que realiza el test, indicando la dirección y orientación correcta del hisopo. Además, se debe informar al paciente sobre los síntomas y signos de alarma. En pacientes con alteraciones previas de la base del cráneo, distorsión de la anatomía nasal o cirugías previas nasosinusales puede ser recomendable utilizar en ellos otro tipo de pruebas disponibles para diagnosticar la COVID-19.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[SUMMARY:  Introduction and objective: Cerebrospinal fluid leaks (CSF) can occur after trauma, this leads to a disruption between the arachnoid and the dura, frequently associated with a bone defect. The global epidemic produced by COVID-19 has generated the need for rapid tests to detect the virus in the nasal and oropharyngeal mucosa. Nasal swabs (NS) have proven to be useful in collecting nasopharyngeal specimens and therefore their use has become widespread. This diagnostic method is considered safe, but there are a number of possible complications, including one of the most feared; CSF leak. The objective of this article is to carry out an exhaustive bibliographic review of available articles that describe this complication, investigating the predisposing factors and describe a safe technique to avoid it.  Method: PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched according to PRISMA guidelines, from March 2020 to November 2021. Studies reporting clinical data of patients with CSF leak after being subjected to NS were reviewed. We focus on the alarm symptoms presented, diagnostic strategies and therapeutic management.  Results: To date, eleven published cases have been reported of patients with a diagnosis of CSF leaks caused by performig a PCR test using a nasal swab. All the articles were included in this systematic review. Each article described this complication in one patient, so we have a total of eleven patients. The average age at diagnosis was 45 years, with 8 women and 3 men. The cribriform plate is the most frequently affected anatomical location. In five patients, 45,5%, the preexistance of malformation at the level of the skull base was known, which corresponds to a risk factor when suffering a CSF leaks after NS.  Conclusion: Although the nasal swab test for the diagnosis of COVID-19 is considered safe, it can sometimes lead to complications. The appearance of unilateral clear rhinorrhea or post-nasal drip with a salty or metallic taste after performing a NS should alert us when diagnosing a possible CSF leak. It is extremely important to adequately instruct the health workers to perform the test, indicating the correct direction and orientation of the swab. In addition, the patient should be informed of the warning signs and symptoms. In patients with previous skull base alteration, nasal anatomy distortion or previous sinus surgeries.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[hisopo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[PCR]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fístula de líquido cefalorraquídeo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[complicación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[rinorrea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[swab]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[RCP]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cerebrospinal fluid leak]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[complication]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[rhinorrhea]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Centers for disease control and prevention</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interim guidelines for collecting, handling, and testing clinical specimens for COVID-19.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Centers for disease control and prevention]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mourad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Inman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ducic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contemporary trends in the management of posttraumatic cerebrospinal fluid leaks]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>71-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Papenburg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Desjardins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kanjilal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Libman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diagnostic testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome-related Coronavirus 2: A narrative review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Intern Med]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>172</volume>
<page-range>726-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paquin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ryan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rutkowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Byrd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[CSF Leak After COVID-19 Nasopharyngeal Swab: A Case Report]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Laryngoscope]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>131</volume>
<page-range>1-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borsche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taube]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rupp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[c]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Complications of nasal and pharyngeal swabs a relevant challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Respir J]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>57</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzalo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Toma de muestras nasofaríngeas para diagnóstico de COVID-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista ORL]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>389-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Padilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alcaraz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benítez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Safe intrathecal fluorescein use for identification of cerebrospinal fluid leaks: Case-report and perioperative algorithm description]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<page-range>533-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Umana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pucci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palmisciano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cassoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ricciardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tomasi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cerebrospinal fluid leaks after anterior skull base trauma: A systematic review of the literature]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World neurosurg]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>1878-8750</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sullivan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schwalje]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dlouhy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greenlee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak After Nasal Swab Testing for Coronavirus Disease 2019]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>146</volume>
<page-range>1179-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kní&#382;ek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Michálek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vodicka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zdobinská]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cribriform Plate Injury After Nasal Swab Testing for COVID-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<page-range>1-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holmes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Case Report: An intracranial complication of COVID-19 nasopharyngeal swab]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>341-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rajah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[CSF rhinorrhoea post COVID-19 swab: A case report and review of literature]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Neurosci]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>86</volume>
<page-range>6-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alberola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdeolivas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torregrosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Meningitis due to cerebrospinal fluid leak after nasal swab testing for COVID-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Neurol]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>91-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agamawi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Namin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ducic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak From COVID-19 Swab]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[OTO Open]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>1-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ovenden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bulshara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vsykocil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valentine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Psaltis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abou-Hamden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[COVID-19 nasopharyngeal swab causing a traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leak]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ANZ J Surg]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>91</volume>
<page-range>1021-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mistry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Earnshaw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cervin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[COVID-19 swab-related skull base injury]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med J Aust]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>214</volume>
<page-range>457-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asiri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alhedaithy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alnazer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cerebrospinal fluid leak post COVID-19 nasopharyngeal swab for a patient with idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a case report]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Surg Case Rep]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>1-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdullah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riyadh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[CSF leak post COVID-19 swab in a patient with preexisting meningiocele]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Surgery]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>176</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daele]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goffart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machiels]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Traumatic, iatrogenic, and spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak: endoscopic repair]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[B-ENT]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>suppl 17</numero>
<issue>suppl 17</issue>
<page-range>47-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barges]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alcocer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Colgajo nasoseptal pediculado y colgajo septal invertido en operación transnasal endoscópica para abordajes extendidos de la base del cráneo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Otorrinolaringología]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<page-range>154-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fandiño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fístula de líquido cefalorraquídeo y meningitis por estreptococo equisimilis 16 años después de un traumatismo cráneo-encefálico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neurocirugía]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>316-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
