<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2444-7986</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista ORL]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. ORL]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2444-7986</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2444-79862022000300008</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14201/orl.27141</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Diagnóstico del carcinoma medular de tiroides]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrero-Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Marcos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Isabel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martín-Almendra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Ángeles]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Duque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beaulieu-Oriol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Louisa Myriam]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mories-Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Teresa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Salamanca ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>181</fpage>
<lpage>192</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2444-79862022000300008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2444-79862022000300008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2444-79862022000300008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN:  Introducción: El carcinoma medular de tiroides (CMT) es un tumor maligno neuroendocrino poco frecuente derivado de las células parafoliculares o células C del tiroides. En el momento del diagnóstico presentan metástasis ganglionares más del 50 % y a distancia el 10 %. Su pronóstico depende en gran parte del estadio del tumor, por lo que su diagnóstico temprano es fundamental.  Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión actualizada sobre el abordaje diagnóstico del CMT.  Síntesis: La ecografía es la principal herramienta en la estratificación del nódulo tiroideo, pero la mayor parte de los estudios se han centrado en el carcinoma papilar de tiroides. En el caso del CMT las características ecográficas sospechosas de malignidad suelen ser menos frecuentes y esto podría conducir a un retraso diagnóstico y terapéutico, por lo que se debe combinar con técnicas diagnósticas adicionales. En estos tumores la sensibilidad del estudio citológico del nódulo mediante punción aspiración con aguja fina generalmente es baja, y en aquellos casos de sospecha de CMT se recomienda realizar inmunohistoquímica para calcitonina y determinar la calcitonina en el aspirado de la punción. La calcitonina plasmática es el marcador más sensible para el diagnóstico de estos pacientes, pero su determinación rutinaria en el estudio del nódulo tiroideo es controvertida. Sus niveles se relacionan con la masa de células C y la presencia de metástasis ganglionares. Si son superiores a 500 pg/ml se recomienda realizar estudio de extensión con pruebas de imagen complementarias por sospecha de enfermedad metastásica. Es importante solicitar estudio genético a todos los pacientes, ya que el 25 % son hereditarios formando parte de la neoplasia endocrina múltiple tipo 2 asociada a mutación en el gen RET.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[SUMMARY  Introduction: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine malignant tumor derived from the parafollicular cells or thyroid C cells. At the time of diagnosis, over 50 % of patients have lymph node metastases, and 10 % have distant metastases. Prognosis is largely dependent on tumor stage and, therefore, early diagnosis is essential.  Objective: The aim of this work is to present an updated review of the diagnostic approach for MTC.  Summary: Thyroid ultrasound is the main tool used for thyroid nodule stratification; however, most studies have focused on papillary thyroid carcinoma. In MTC, ultrasonographic findings suggestive of malignancy are usually less frequent and this could delay diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, ultrasound examination should be combined with additional diagnostic techniques. The sensitivity of the fine-needle aspiration cytology is generally low for these types of tumors and when MTC is suspected, it is recommended to perform immunohistochemical for calcitonin and measurement of calcitonin in washout fluid of thyroid nodule aspirate. Serum calcitonin is the most sensitive marker for diagnosing this condition; however, its routine measurement in the evaluation of thyroid nodule is controversial. Serum calcitonin levels are related to C-cell mass and the presence of lymph node metastases. When these levels are above 500 pg/mL suggest distant metastatic disease and additional imaging procedures are indicated. Genetic testing should be offered to all patients because 25 % of these carcinomas are hereditary and are part of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 syndrome associated with a germline RET mutation.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[carcinoma medular de tiroides]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diagnóstico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[neoplasia endocrina múltiple]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[RET]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[calcitonina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ecografía tiroidea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[citología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[medullary thyroid carcinoma]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[diagnosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[multiple endocrine neoplasia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[RET]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[calcitonin]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[thyroid ultrasound]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cytology]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ceolin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duval]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA da S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Medullary thyroid carcinoma beyond surgery: advances, challenges, and perspectives]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Endocr Relat Cancer]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>R499-518</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elisei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Comparison of the ATA, NCCN, ETA, and BTA Guidelines for the Management of Medullary Thyroid Cancer]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wartofsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Nostrand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Thyroid Cancer: A Comprehensive Guide to Clinical Management]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<page-range>899-910</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schlumberger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bastholt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dralle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jarzab]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pacini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JWA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[2012 European thyroid association guidelines for metastatic medullary thyroid cancer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Thyroid J]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>5-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galofré]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santamaría Sandi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Capdevila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navarro González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zafón Llopis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramón Y Cajal Asensio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Consensus on the management of advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma on behalf of the Working Group of Thyroid Cancer of the Spanish Society of Endocrinology (SEEN) and the Spanish Task Force Group for Orphan and Infrequent Tumors (GETHI)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Endocrinol Nutr Organo Soc Espanola Endocrinol Nutr]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>e37-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wells]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dralle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elisei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gagel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Revised American Thyroid Association guidelines for the management of medullary thyroid carcinoma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Thyroid]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>567-610</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spitzweg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bible]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[New drugs for medullary thyroid cancer: new promises?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Endocr Relat Cancer]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>R287-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hadoux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pacini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tuttle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schlumberger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Management of advanced medullary thyroid cancer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>64-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Medullary thyroid carcinoma: management of lymph node metastases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Natl Compr Cancer Netw]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>549-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ernani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Owonikoko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Systemic treatment and management approaches for medullary thyroid cancer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cancer Treat Rev]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<page-range>89-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boelaert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gerrard Ba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Guidelines for the management of thyroid cancer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>81</volume>
<numero>Suppl 1</numero>
<issue>Suppl 1</issue>
<page-range>1-122</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elisei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bottici]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luchetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Coscio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grasso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of routine measurement of serum calcitonin on the diagnosis and outcome of medullary thyroid cancer: experience in 10,864 patients with nodular thyroid disorders]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Endocrinol Metab]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>163-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rieu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lame]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lissak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sambort]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vuong-Ngoc]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence of sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma: the importance of routine measurement of serum calcitonin in the diagnostic evaluation of thyroid nodules]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>453-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Papi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corsello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cioni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pizzini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corrado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carapezzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Value of routine measurement of serum calcitonin concentrations in patients with nodular thyroid disease: A multicenter study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Endocrinol Invest]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>427-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verbeek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Groot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JWB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sluiter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muller Kobold]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van den Heuvel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ER]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Plukker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Calcitonin testing for detection of medullary thyroid cancer in people with thyroid nodules]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>3</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giannetta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guarnotta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Altieri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sciammarella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guadagno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malandrino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ENDOCRINE TUMOURS: Calcitonin in thyroid and extra-thyroid neuroendocrine neoplasms: the two-faced Janus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Endocrinol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>183</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>R197-215</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gambardella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Offi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patrone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clarizia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mauriello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tartaglia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Calcitonin negative Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: a challenging diagnosis or a medical dilemma?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Endocr Disord]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>Suppl 1</numero>
<issue>Suppl 1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niederle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scheuba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Selberherr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koperek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niederle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Early Diagnosis of Medullary Thyroid Cancer: Are Calcitonin Stimulation Tests Still Indicated in the Era of Highly Sensitive Calcitonin Immunoassays?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Thyroid]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>974-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colombo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perrino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vicentini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of calcium and pentagastrin tests for the diagnosis and follow-up of medullary thyroid cancer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Endocrinol Metab]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>97</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>905-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Algeciras-Schimnich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Preissner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Theobald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Finseth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grebe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SKG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Procalcitonin: a marker for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Endocrinol Metab]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>94</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>861-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giovanella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Imperiali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piccardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taborelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verburg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daurizio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Procalcitonin measurement to screen medullary thyroid carcinoma: A prospective evaluation in a series of 2705 patients with thyroid nodules]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Clin Invest]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trimboli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lauretta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barnabei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valabrega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romanelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giovanella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Procalcitonin as a postoperative marker in the follow-up of patients affected by medullary thyroid carcinoma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Biol Markers]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>156-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karagiannis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AKA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Girio-Fragkoulakis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakouti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Procalcitonin: A New Biomarker for Medullary Thyroid Cancer? A Systematic Review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anticancer Res]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>3803-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moeller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Görges]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janssen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[OE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Role of conventional ultrasound and color Doppler sonography in the diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>110</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>403-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hypervascularity is more frequent in medullary thyroid carcinoma: Compared with papillary thyroid carcinoma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medicine]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>95</volume>
<numero>49</numero>
<issue>49</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trimboli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nasrollah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amendola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rossi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramacciato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romanelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Should we use ultrasound features associated with papillary thyroid cancer in diagnosing medullary thyroid cancer?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Endocr J]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>503-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S-H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B-S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S-L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J-W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P-S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B-J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ultrasonographic findings of medullary thyroid carcinoma: a comparison with papillary thyroid carcinoma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Korean J Radiol]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>101-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Diagnostic Value of Ultrasound in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Comparison With Computed Tomography]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Technol Cancer Res Treat]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>19</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M-J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z-F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y-Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Men]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y-M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y-X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L-Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ultrasonographic characteristics of medullary thyroid carcinoma: a comparison with papillary thyroid carcinoma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Oncotarget]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>16</numero>
<issue>16</issue>
<page-range>27520-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B-K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EY]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Medullary thyroid carcinoma: comparison with papillary thyroid carcinoma and application of current sonographic criteria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[AJR Am J Roentgenol]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>194</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1090-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical and ultrasonographic features of medullary thyroid microcarcinomas compared with papillary thyroid microcarcinomas: a retrospective analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Med Imaging]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical value of color Doppler ultrasound combined with serum tumor markers for the diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Oncol Lett]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ezzat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sawka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goldstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diagnosis and pathologic characteristics of medullary thyroid carcinoma-review of current guidelines]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Oncol Tor Ont]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>338-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The application value of modified thyroid imaging report and data system in diagnosing medullary thyroid carcinoma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cancer Med]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>3389-400</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trimboli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giovanella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valabrega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrioli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baldelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cremonini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ultrasound features of medullary thyroid carcinoma correlate with cancer aggressiveness: a retrospective multicenter study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Exp Clin Cancer Res]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>33</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Choi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W-J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S-W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ultrasonographic findings of medullary thyroid cancer: differences according to tumor size and correlation with fine needle aspiration results]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Radiol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>312-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Choi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Song]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ultrasonography features of medullary thyroid cancer as predictors of its biological behavior]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Radiol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>414-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ultrasound features value in the diagnosis and prognosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Endocrine]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>727-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sonographic features of medullary thyroid carcinomas according to tumor size: comparison with papillary thyroid carcinomas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Ultrasound Med]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1003-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hahn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ultrasonographic characteristics of medullary thyroid carcinoma according to nodule size: application of the Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System and American Thyroid Association guidelines]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Radiol]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>474-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valderrabano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klippenstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tourtelot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ZJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lilienfeld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[New American Thyroid Association Sonographic Patterns for Thyroid Nodules Perform Well in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Institutional Experience, Systematic Review, and Meta-Analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Thyroid]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1093-100</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>41.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Value of modified TI-RADS in the diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>618-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<label>42.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrioli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trimboli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amendola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valabrega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fukunari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mirella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Elastographic presentation of medullary thyroid carcinoma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Endocrine]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>153-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<label>43.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fukushima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hirokawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kobayashi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akasu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Excellent prognosis of patients with nonhereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma with ultrasonographic findings of follicular tumor or benign nodule]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World J Surg]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>963-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<label>44.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Correlation between preoperative ultrasonic features of medullary thyroid carcinoma and postoperative recurrence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Cancer]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>21</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<label>45.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H-S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kwon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Song]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jeon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Song]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TY]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Preoperative Clinical and Sonographic Predictors for Lateral Cervical Lymph Node Metastases in Sporadic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Thyroid]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>362-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<label>46.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Filetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hartl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leboulleux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Locati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Newbold]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Thyroid cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Oncol]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1856-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<label>47.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Papaparaskeva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nagel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Droese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cytologic diagnosis of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diagn Cytopathol]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>351-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<label>48.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T-C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S-L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hsiao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y-L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Medullary thyroid carcinoma: pitfalls in diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology and relationship of cytomorphology to RET proto-oncogene mutations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Cytol]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>477-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<label>49.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bugalho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sobrinho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Preoperative diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma: fine needle aspiration cytology as compared with serum calcitonin measurement]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Surg Oncol]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>91</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>56-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<label>50.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Essig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schneider]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Debora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lindsey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Busonero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fine needle aspiration and medullary thyroid carcinoma: the risk of inadequate preoperative evaluation and initial surgery when relying upon FNAB cytology alone]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Endocrine Practice]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>920-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<label>51.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trimboli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Treglia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guidobaldi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romanelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nigri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valabrega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Detection rate of FNA cytology in medullary thyroid carcinoma: a meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>82</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>280-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<label>52.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez Escolá]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cárdenas Salas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Carcinoma medular de tiroides]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galofré]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Guía de consulta rápida de cáncer de tiroides]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>185-99</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ergon]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<label>53.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trimboli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guidobaldi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bongiovanni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crescenzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alevizaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giovanella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use of fine-needle aspirate calcitonin to detect medullary thyroid carcinoma: A systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diagn Cytopathol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>45-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<label>54.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diazzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madeo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taliani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zirilli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Granata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ARM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The diagnostic value of calcitonin measurement in wash-out fluid from fine-needle aspiration of thyroid nodules in the diagnosis of medullary thyroid cancer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Endocr Pract]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>769-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<label>55.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trimboli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cremonini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ceriani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saggiorato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guidobaldi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romanelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Calcitonin measurement in aspiration needle washout fluids has higher sensitivity than cytology in detecting medullary thyroid cancer: a retrospective multicentre study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>80</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>135-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<label>56.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Crea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raffaelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maccora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrozza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Canu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fadda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Calcitonin measurement in fine-needle aspirate washouts vs. cytologic examination for diagnosis of primary or metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ActaOtorhinolaryngol Ital]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>399-405</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<label>57.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kihara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hirokawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kudo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hayashi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamamoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Masuoka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Calcitonin measurement in fine-needle aspirate washout fluid by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay for thyroid tumors]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Thyroid Res]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>11</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<label>58.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yip]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hassan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pazaitou-Panayiotou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gawande]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Preoperative basal calcitonin and tumor stage correlate with postoperative calcitonin normalization in patients undergoing initial surgical management of medullary thyroid carcinoma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Surgery]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>150</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1168-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<label>59.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cohen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salaün]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heshmati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kraimps]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Proye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Preoperative calcitonin levels are predictive of tumor size and postoperative calcitonin normalization in medullary thyroid carcinoma. Groupe d&#8217;Etudes des Tumeurs a Calcitonine (GETC)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Endocrinol Metab]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>85</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>919-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<label>60.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meringolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bianchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nocera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tumino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predictive value of serum calcitonin levels for preoperative diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma in a cohort of 5817 consecutive patients with thyroid nodules]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Endocrinol Metab]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>450-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<label>61.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Francis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schlumberger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Filetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Determination of calcitonin levels in C-cell disease: clinical interest and potential pitfalls]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>35-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<label>62.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dralle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biomarker-based risk stratification for previously untreated medullary thyroid cancer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Endocrinol Metab]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>95</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>2655-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<label>63.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meijer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JAA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[le Cessie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van den Hout]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kievit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schoones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romijn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen doubling times as prognostic factors in medullary thyroid carcinoma: a structured meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>534-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<label>64.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Konstantinidis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Surgical management of medullary thyroid carcinoma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Updat Surg]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>151-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<label>65.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ukkat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hauptmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dralle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Abnormal carcinoembryonic antigen levels and medullary thyroid cancer progression: a multivariate analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Surg]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>142</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>289-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<label>66.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kouvaraki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shapiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fornage]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edeiken-Monro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sherman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vassilopoulou-Sellin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Role of preoperative ultrasonography in the surgical management of patients with thyroid cancer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Surgery]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>134</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>946-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<label>67.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giovanella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Treglia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iakovou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mihailovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verburg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[EANM practice guideline for PET/CT imaging in medullary thyroid carcinoma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>61-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
