<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2444-7986</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista ORL]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. ORL]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2444-7986</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2444-79862024000200002</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14201/orl.31902</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efectividad real de la terapia biológica en el tratamiento de pacientes con rinosinusitis crónica con poliposis nasosinusal]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Real life effectiveness of biologics in the treatment of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasosinusal polyposis]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villarreal-Patiño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ithzel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pardo-Maza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adriana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bosco-Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miranda-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Estefanía]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Plaza-Mayor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guillermo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Hospital Sanitas la Zarzuela Hospital Nuestra Señora del Rosario Hospital Universidad Rey Juan Carlos]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2444-79862024000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2444-79862024000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2444-79862024000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN:  Introducción y objetivo: El tratamiento de la rinosinusitis crónica con poliposis nasosinusal (RSCcPN) se basa en el uso de corticoterapia local intranasal, ciclos de corticoides sistémicos y cirugía endoscópica nasal. La terapia biológica está ganando cada vez más protagonismo en el tratamiento de esta patología en casos resistentes al tratamiento cásico. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la efectividad real de los tratamientos biológicos administrados para la RScPN fuera del ámbito de los ensayos clínicos.  Método: Estudio retrospectivo sobre pacientes con RSCcPN y asma en tratamiento con terapia biológica en un hospital universitario. Analizaremos mediante un estudio de Wilcoxon signed-rank la eficacia de los distintos tratamientos biológicos administrados.  Resultados: La muestra incluyó 21 pacientes con un seguimiento mínimo de 24 meses. Se evidenció una significación estadistica (p = &lt;0, 001) en cuanto a la mejoría de la sintomatología, a excepción del olfato, así como de una mejoría del Nasal Polyp Score, el SNOT-22 y la escala Lund-Mackay en la TC. De los 21 pacientes, 7 de ellos (33%) han necesitado rescates con tratamiento corticoideo a nivel sistémico. Sin embargo, no hubo que realizar una nueva CENS en ninguno de ellos.  Discusión: Los datos obtenidos en este estudio de efectividad en práctica clínica real concuerdan con los obtenidos en ensayos clínicos acerca de la terapia biológica en la RSCcPN. Se han documentado reducciones notables en la carga de enfermedad de RSCcPN de forma objetiva y subjetiva, así como menor necesidad de rescate corticoideo oral o cirugía.  Conclusiones: En nuestro estudio se ha corroborado la eficacia de la terapia biológica en prácticamente todos los datos analizados. Sin embargo, no se ha conseguido demostrar la relevancia de un tipo de terapia respecto a otra.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[SUMMARY:  Introduction and objective: Nowadays, treatment proposals for patients with recurrent sinonasal polyposis are based on the use of local intranasal corticosteroid therapy based on topical inhalers, cycles of systemic corticosteroids and endoscopic nasal surgery. Biological therapy is gaining more and more prominence in the treatment of this pathology. The objective of this work is based on determining which biological treatment of those administered today for this disease is more effective in managing symptoms and in its evolution.  Method: Retrospective study of 21 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with sinonasal polyposis and asthma under treatment with biological therapy at the University Hospital of Fuenlabrada. Using a Wilcoxon signed-rank study, we will analyze the efficacy of the different biological treatments administered.  Results: A statistical significance with p = &lt;0, 001 was evidenced in terms of the improvement of the symptoms suffered by the study patients (with the exception of smell) as well as an improvement in the Nasal Polyp Score of 3 points. The Wilconxon test result was statistical significance with p = &lt;0, 001.  Discussion: The data obtained in this study agree with those obtained in studies on biological therapy in CRSwNP. Remarkable reductions in the disease burden of CRSwNP have been documented objectively and subjectively. This is consistent with the fact that our patients required fewer reinterventions throughout the procedure.  Conclusions: In our study, the efficacy of biological therapy has been corroborated in practically all the data analyzed. However, it has not been possible to demonstrate the relevance of one type of therapy over another.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[RSCcPNS]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[terapia biológica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[respuesta Th2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[CRSwNP]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biological therapy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Th2 respond]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fokkens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lund]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hopkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hellings]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kern]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reitsma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rhinology.]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>^sSuppl S29</numero>
<issue>^sSuppl S29</issue>
<supplement>Suppl S29</supplement>
<page-range>1-464</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alobid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colás]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arismendi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Del Cuvillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Outes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[POLINA group. Spanish Consensus on the Management of Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps (POLIposis NAsal/POLINA 2.0)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol.]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>317-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fokkens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lund]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bachert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mullol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bjermer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bousquet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[EUFOREA consensus on biologics for CRSwNP with or without asthma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Allergy.]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>74</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>2312-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bachert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Desrosiers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hellings]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laidlaw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Role of Biologics in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract.]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1099-106</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bachert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biologics in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bachert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Chronic Rhinosinusitis: The Mucosal Concept.]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<page-range>411-21</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer Nature Singapore]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borish]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cohen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chupp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hopkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wagenmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluating enrollment and outcome criteria in trials of biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol.]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>129</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>160-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bachert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Desrosiers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hellings]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efficacy and safety of dupilumab in patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (LIBERTY NP SINUS-24 and LIBERTY NP SINUS-52): results from two multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase 3 trials]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet.]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>394</volume>
<numero>10209</numero>
<issue>10209</issue>
<page-range>1638-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gevaert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Omachi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mullol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efficacy and safety of omalizumab in nasal polyposis: 2 randomized phase 3 trials]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Allergy Clin Immunol.]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>146</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>595-605</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bachert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fokkens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Desrosiers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wagenmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[SYNAPSE study investigators. Mepolizumab for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (SYNAPSE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet Respir Med.]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1141-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bachert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gevaert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hellings]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biotherapeutics in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with and without Nasal Polyps]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1512-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Role of Biologics in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ear Nose Throat J.]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>100</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>44-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agache]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Song]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso-Coello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vogel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rocha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solà]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efficacy and safety of treatment with biologicals for severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: A systematic review for the EAACI guidelines]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Allergy.]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>76</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>2337-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piromchai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Snidvongs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Webster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Philpott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev.]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oykhman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paramo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bousquet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kennedy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brignardello-Petersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparative efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies and aspirin desensitization for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis: A systematic review and network meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Allergy Clin Immunol.]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>149</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1286-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Papacharalampous]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GX]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Constantinidis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fotiadis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bachert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katotomichelakis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) treated with omalizumab, dupilumab, or mepolizumab: A systematic review of the current knowledge towards an attempt to compare agents' efficacy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int Forum Allergy Rhinol.]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>96-109</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haxel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hummel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fruth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lorenz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gunder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nahrath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuevas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Real-world-effectiveness of biological treatment for severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rhinology.]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>435-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tiotiu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendez-Brea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ioan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero-Fernandez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Real-Life Effectiveness of Benralizumab, Mepolizumab and Omalizumab in Severe Allergic Asthma Associated with Nasal Polyps]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Rev Allergy Immunol.]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>179-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gerstacker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ketterer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jakob]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hildenbrand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Real Life Observational Study of Treatment Success of Monoclonal Antibodies for Refractory Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Med.]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>13</numero>
<issue>13</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Detoraki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tremante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[D'Amato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calabrese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maniscalco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mepolizumab improves sino-nasal symptoms and asthma control in severe eosinophilic asthma patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps: a 12-month real-life study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ther Adv Respir Dis.]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>15</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domínguez-Sosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera-Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marrero-Ramos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MDC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dávila-Quintana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrillo-Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Real-Life Effectiveness of Mepolizumab in Refractory Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biomedicines.]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kilty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lasso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Canadian real-world study of access and clinical results using dupilumab for chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Book]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eligal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eliashar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biological Treatment for Uncontrolled Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: Preliminary Real-World Results from a Tertiary Medical Center]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Med.]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boscke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heidemann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruchhage]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dupilumab for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: real-life retrospective 12-month effectiveness data]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rhinology.]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>203-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albrecht]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sailer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Capitani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Schaik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Löwenheim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Becker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Real-world evidence for the effectiveness and safety of dupilumab in patients with CRSwNP after 1 year of therapy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Allergy Organ J.]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mocellin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ioppi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaglio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pennacchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bertolini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tirrito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Severe chronic rhinosinusitis treated with dupilumab, a real-life analysis of early effectiveness]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci.]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>15</numero>
<issue>15</issue>
<page-range>7324-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[La Mantia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grigaliute]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ragusa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cocuzza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Radulesco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saibene]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effectiveness and rapidity on olfatory fuction recovery in CRS patients treated with Dupilumab: a real life prospective controlled study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol.]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>281</volume>
<page-range>219-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campion]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brugger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stanek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brkic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bartosik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The "real life" efficacy of dupilumab is independent of initial polyp size and concomitant steroids in CRSwNP]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Corso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pasquini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trimarchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[La Mantia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pagella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ottaviano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dupireal Italian Study Group. Dupilumab in the treatment of severe uncontrolled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP): A multicentric observational Phase IV real-life study (DUPIREAL)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Allergy.]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>78</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>2669-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galletti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ragusa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sireci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ciodaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbieri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giunta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dupilumab in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: Real life data in a multicentric Sicilian experience]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Otolaryngol.]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maza-Solano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Callejon-Leblic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin-Jimenez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno-Luna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzalez-Garcia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuvillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Omalizumab Treatment in Uncontrolled Asthma and CRSwNP Patients, with Previous Endoscopic Sinus Surgery, to Improve Quality of Life and Endoscopic Outcomes: a Two-Year Real-Life Study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Allergy Asthma Rep.]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>555-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brkic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klimbacher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campion]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bartosik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vyskocil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efficacy and safety of switching between biologics in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or N-ERD]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rhinology.]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>320-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nagase]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suzukawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oishi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matsunaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biologics for severe asthma: The real-world evidence, effectiveness of switching, and prediction factors for the efficacy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Allergol Int.]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>11-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
