<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2794-1140</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Pharmaceutical Care España]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Pharm Care Esp.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2794-1140</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fundación Pharmaceutical Care España]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2794-11402025000100618</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.60103/phc.v27.e905</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Validez y Fiabilidad de una versión en español del MyMMAT (Malaysia Medication Adherence Assessment Tool) en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 de Veraguas (Panamá).]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Validity and reliability of a Spanish version of the MyMMAT (Malaysia Medication Adherence Assessment Tool) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Veraguas (Panama)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Corpas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Pedro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Battikh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hermes Rodríguez]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eric Conte]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sara Itzela Gómez]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Grupo de Investigación en Atención Farmacéutica Universidad de Granada ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Cátedra María José Faus Dáder de Atención Farmacéutica Universidad de Granada ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Ministerio Salud Pública (MINSA)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Panamá</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2794-11402025000100618&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2794-11402025000100618&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2794-11402025000100618&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Introducción: Uno de los factores que más afecta al control de la Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) es la adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico (Adh-DM2). Medir la Adh-DM2 con herramientas válidas y fiables es necesario. El objetivo fue estudiar la validez y fiabilidad de una versión en español del MyMMAT en una muestra de pacientes en Veraguas (Panamá). Método: Estudio observacional descriptivo transversal. Los pacientes con DM2 fueron entrevistados por farmacéuticos entrenados y se les pidió que respondieran a las preguntas incluidas en el MyMMAT. El %HbA1C y otras variables clínicas fueron también recogidas. Se estudió la consistencia interna (fiabilidad) mediante alfa de Cronbach y correlación ítem-total. La validez de constructo se estudió mediante análisis factorial de componentes principales (AFCP) y la validez de criterio mediante una curva ROC. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 175 pacientes de los cuales 115 (68 %) fueron mujeres y la edad media fue 60,0 ± 12,0 años. El 67,4% (118) de los pacientes no tenían controlada la DM2, siendo el %HbA1C medio el 8,6 ± 2,3. El 90% de los pacientes tuvo una puntuación total del MyMMAT inferior a 32 puntos. El AFCP extrajo dos factores que explicaron el 53,9 de la varianza total (VTE). La consistencia interna fue &#945;=0,91 y las correlaciones ítem-total todas fueron superiores a 0,3. Conclusiones: La población de Veraguas fue poco adherente al tratamiento prescrito para la DM2. El cuestionario MyMMAT aportó datos de validez y fiabilidad adecuados en la muestra que se estudió.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Introduction: One of the factors that most affects the control of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is medication adherence (Adh-DM2). Measuring Adh-DM2 with valid and reliable tools is essential. The objective was to study the validity and reliability of a Spanish version of the MyMMAT in a sample of patients in Veraguas, Panama. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out. Patients with DM2 were interviewed by trained pharmacists and asked to answer the questions included in the MyMMAT questionnaire. HbA1C% and other clinical variables were also collected. Internal consistency (reliability) was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and item-total correlation. Construct validity was studied using principal components factor analysis (APCP), and criterion validity was assessed using a ROC curve. Results: A total of 175 patients were recruited of whom 115 (68 %) were female and the mean age was 60.0 ± 12.0 years. Of the patients, 67.4% (118) had uncontrolled DM2, with a mean HbA1C% of 8.6 ± 2.3. Ninety per cent of patients had a MyMMAT total score under 32 points. The AFCP extracted two factors that explained 59.3 % of the total variance (VTE). Internal consistency was &#945;=0.91 and item-total correlations were all greater than 0.3. Conclusions: The Veraguas population had poor adherence to prescribed DM2 treatment. The MyMMAT questionnaire provided adequate validity and reliability data in this study sample.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Evaluación de adherencia a la medicación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Encuestas y Cuestionarios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Reproducibilidad de los Resultados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Assessment of Medication Adherence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Diabetes Mellitus Type 2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Patient Compliance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Surveys and Questionnaires]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Reproducibility of Results]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>International Diabetes Federation</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Diabetes Atlas]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<edition>10</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[International Diabetes Federation]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quintana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno Velásquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montenegro Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niño Hall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Motta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diabetes mellitus, its prevalence, awareness, and control in Panama: Data from ENSPA 2019, a national cross-sectional study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medicine (Baltimore)]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>102</volume>
<numero>32</numero>
<issue>32</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Redondo-Antón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luís Lizán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubio-de Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz-Cerezo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Disease and Economic Burden of Poor Metabolic and Weight Control in Type 2 Diabetes in Spain: A Systematic Literature Review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diabetes Ther]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>325-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Priorizar el control glucémico temprano para reducir las complicaciones micro y macrovasculares en personas con diabetes tipo 2]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bethel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matthews]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[10-Year Follow-up of Intensive Glucose Control in Type 2 Diabetes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New England Journal of Medicine]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>359</volume>
<numero>15</numero>
<issue>15</issue>
<page-range>1577-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piragine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calderone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lucenteforte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adherence to Oral Antidiabetic Drugs in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Med]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iglay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cartier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zarotsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rajpathak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Radican]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Meta-analysis of studies examining medication adherence, persistence, and discontinuation of oral antihyperglycemic agents in type 2 diabetes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Med Res Opin]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>1283-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno Juste]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gimeno Miguel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poblador Plou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Rubio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aza Pascual-Salcedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menditto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adherence to treatment of hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia and diabetes in an elderly population of a Spanish cohort]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Clin (Barc)]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>153</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez Battikh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esquivel Prados]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Conte Valdes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcia Corpas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Conocimiento que tiene el paciente con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 sobre su enfermedad: revisión sistemática]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ars Pharm]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>258-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esquivel-Prados]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pareja-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Corpas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cuestionarios de adherencia al tratamiento antidiabético oral en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus 2: revisión sistemática]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ars Pharm]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>173-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morisky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krousel&#8208;Wood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ward]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predictive Validity of a Medication Adherence Measure in an Outpatient Setting]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Clinical Hypertension]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>348-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marcus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pay up or retract? Survey creator&#8217;s demands for money rile some health researchers]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orozco-Beltrán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pomares-Gomez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Rizo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borras-Gallen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gil-Guillen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Validation and psychometric properties of the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) in type 2 diabetes patients in Spain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aten Primaria]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pareja-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esquivel-Prados]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Corpas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adherence to antihypertensive therapy in community pharmcy: evaluating the psycometric properties of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) translated into spanish]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pilot Study. Latin American Journal of Pharmacy]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<page-range>86-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kripalani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Risser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gatti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacobson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Development and evaluation of the Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS) among low-literacy patients with chronic disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Value Health]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>118-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Corpas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esquivel-Prados]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Validez y fiabilidad del cuestionario ARMS-e en pacientes con Diabetes mellitus tipo 2]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ars Pharmaceutica (Internet)]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>139-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hatah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rahim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Makmor-Bakry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Development and validation of Malaysia Medication Adherence Assessment Tool (MyMAAT) for diabetic patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[A1CNow+ system - PTS diagnostics]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>American Diabetes Association</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Glycemic Goals and Hypoglycemia: Standards of Care in Diabetes- Diabetes Care 2024]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sullivan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Artino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Analyzing and Interpreting Data From Likert-Type Scales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Graduate Medical Education]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>541-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strainer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cairney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Measurement Scales. A Practical Guide to Their Development and Use]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<edition>5</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DeVellis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Scale Development: Theory and Applications (Applied Social Research Methods)]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<edition>3</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SAGE Publications, Inc]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Villegas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faulín Fajardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Bioestadística amigable]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<edition>2</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Diaz de Santos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
